Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors

Dermatophyte infections represent an important public health concern, affecting up to 25% of the world’s population. <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> and <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> are the predominant dermatophytes in cutaneous infections, with a prevalence accounting for 70% of derm...

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Autores principales:	Adriana Trifan, Simon Vlad Luca, Andra-Cristina Bostănaru, Mihai Brebu, Alexandra Jităreanu, Romeo-Teodor Cristina, Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak, Sebastian Granica, Monika E. Czerwińska, Aleksandra Kruk, Hélène Greige-Gerges, Elwira Sieniawska, Mihai Mareș
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	essential oil <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> checkerboard assay <i>Coriandrum sativum</i> cytokines <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09c15ffd6b4a40e2958895f419b67921
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09c15ffd6b4a40e2958895f419b679212021-11-25T18:46:01ZApiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors10.3390/plants101123782223-7747https://doaj.org/article/09c15ffd6b4a40e2958895f419b679212021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2378https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Dermatophyte infections represent an important public health concern, affecting up to 25% of the world’s population. <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> and <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> are the predominant dermatophytes in cutaneous infections, with a prevalence accounting for 70% of dermatophytoses. Although terbinafine represents the preferred treatment, its clinical use is hampered by side effects, drug–drug interactions, and the emergence of resistant clinical isolates. Combination therapy, associating terbinafine and essential oils (EOs), represents a promising strategy in the treatment of dermatophytosis. In this study, we screened the potential of selected Apiaceae EOs (ajowan, coriander, caraway, and anise) to improve the antifungal activity of terbinafine against <i>T. rubrum</i> ATCC 28188 and <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> ATCC 9533. The chemical profile of EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of EOs/main compounds were determined according to EUCAST-AFST guidelines, with minor modifications. The checkerboard microtiter method was used to identify putative synergistic combinations of EOs/main constituents with terbinafine. The influence of EOs on the viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-8 and TNF-<i>α</i>) was determined using an ex vivo human neutrophils model. The binary associations of tested EOs with terbinafine were found to be synergistic against <i>T. rubrum</i>, with FICI values of 0.26–0.31. At the tested concentrations (6.25–25 mg/L), EOs did not exert cytotoxic effects towards human neutrophils. Anise EO was the most potent inhibitor of IL-1<i>β</i> release (46.49% inhibition at 25 mg/L), while coriander EO displayed the highest inhibition towards IL-8 and TNF-<i>α</i> production (54.15% and 54.91%, respectively). In conclusion, the synergistic combinations of terbinafine and investigated Apiaceae EOs could be a starting point in the development of novel topical therapies against <i>T. rubrum</i>-related dermatophytosis.Adriana TrifanSimon Vlad LucaAndra-Cristina BostănaruMihai BrebuAlexandra JităreanuRomeo-Teodor CristinaKrystyna Skalicka-WoźniakSebastian GranicaMonika E. CzerwińskaAleksandra KrukHélène Greige-GergesElwira SieniawskaMihai MareșMDPI AGarticleessential oil<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>checkerboard assay<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>cytokines<i>Trachyspermum ammi</i>BotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2378, p 2378 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	essential oil <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> checkerboard assay <i>Coriandrum sativum</i> cytokines <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	essential oil <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> checkerboard assay <i>Coriandrum sativum</i> cytokines <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> Botany QK1-989 Adriana Trifan Simon Vlad Luca Andra-Cristina Bostănaru Mihai Brebu Alexandra Jităreanu Romeo-Teodor Cristina Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak Sebastian Granica Monika E. Czerwińska Aleksandra Kruk Hélène Greige-Gerges Elwira Sieniawska Mihai Mareș Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors
description	Dermatophyte infections represent an important public health concern, affecting up to 25% of the world’s population. <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> and <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> are the predominant dermatophytes in cutaneous infections, with a prevalence accounting for 70% of dermatophytoses. Although terbinafine represents the preferred treatment, its clinical use is hampered by side effects, drug–drug interactions, and the emergence of resistant clinical isolates. Combination therapy, associating terbinafine and essential oils (EOs), represents a promising strategy in the treatment of dermatophytosis. In this study, we screened the potential of selected Apiaceae EOs (ajowan, coriander, caraway, and anise) to improve the antifungal activity of terbinafine against <i>T. rubrum</i> ATCC 28188 and <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> ATCC 9533. The chemical profile of EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of EOs/main compounds were determined according to EUCAST-AFST guidelines, with minor modifications. The checkerboard microtiter method was used to identify putative synergistic combinations of EOs/main constituents with terbinafine. The influence of EOs on the viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-8 and TNF-<i>α</i>) was determined using an ex vivo human neutrophils model. The binary associations of tested EOs with terbinafine were found to be synergistic against <i>T. rubrum</i>, with FICI values of 0.26–0.31. At the tested concentrations (6.25–25 mg/L), EOs did not exert cytotoxic effects towards human neutrophils. Anise EO was the most potent inhibitor of IL-1<i>β</i> release (46.49% inhibition at 25 mg/L), while coriander EO displayed the highest inhibition towards IL-8 and TNF-<i>α</i> production (54.15% and 54.91%, respectively). In conclusion, the synergistic combinations of terbinafine and investigated Apiaceae EOs could be a starting point in the development of novel topical therapies against <i>T. rubrum</i>-related dermatophytosis.
format	article
author	Adriana Trifan Simon Vlad Luca Andra-Cristina Bostănaru Mihai Brebu Alexandra Jităreanu Romeo-Teodor Cristina Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak Sebastian Granica Monika E. Czerwińska Aleksandra Kruk Hélène Greige-Gerges Elwira Sieniawska Mihai Mareș
author_facet	Adriana Trifan Simon Vlad Luca Andra-Cristina Bostănaru Mihai Brebu Alexandra Jităreanu Romeo-Teodor Cristina Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak Sebastian Granica Monika E. Czerwińska Aleksandra Kruk Hélène Greige-Gerges Elwira Sieniawska Mihai Mareș
author_sort	Adriana Trifan
title	Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors
title_short	Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors
title_full	Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors
title_fullStr	Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors
title_full_unstemmed	Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors
title_sort	apiaceae essential oils: boosters of terbinafine activity against dermatophytes and potent anti-inflammatory effectors
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/09c15ffd6b4a40e2958895f419b67921
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Apiaceae Essential Oils: Boosters of Terbinafine Activity against Dermatophytes and Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effectors

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