Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles

Sangiliyandi Gurunathan,1 Min-Hee Kang,1 Muhammad Qasim,2 Khalid Khan,3 Jin-Hoi Kim1 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea; 2Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealan...

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Autores principales:	Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Qasim M, Khan K, Kim JH
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	extracellular vesicle membrane trafficking vesicle formation cargo sorting and fusion nanotherapeutics Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09c7a6d979c5479f8a96b686c76b02b6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09c7a6d979c5479f8a96b686c76b02b62021-12-02T15:00:10ZBiogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/09c7a6d979c5479f8a96b686c76b02b62021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/biogenesis-membrane-trafficking-functions-and-next-generation-nanother-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Sangiliyandi Gurunathan,1 Min-Hee Kang,1 Muhammad Qasim,2 Khalid Khan,3 Jin-Hoi Kim1 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea; 2Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; 3Science and Technology KPK, Peshawar, PakistanCorrespondence: Sangiliyandi Gurunathan; Jin-Hoi KimDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaTel +82 2 450 3687Fax +82 2 544 4645Email gsangiliyandi@yahoo.com; jhkim541@konkuk.ac.krAbstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-limited vesicles and multi-signal messengers loaded with biomolecules. Exosomes and ectosomes are two different types of EVs generated by all cell types. Their formation depends on local microdomains assembled in endocytic membranes for exosomes and in the plasma membrane for ectosomes. Further, EV release is a fundamental process required for intercellular communication in both normal physiology and pathological conditions to transmit/exchange bioactive molecules to recipient cells and the extracellular environment. The unique structure and composition of EVs enable them to serve as natural nanocarriers, and their physicochemical properties and biological functions can be used to develop next-generation nano and precision medicine. Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern EVs biology and membrane trafficking is essential for their clinical applications. However, in this rapidly expanding field, much remains unknown regarding EV origin, biogenesis, cargo sorting, and secretion, as well as EV-based theranostic platform generation. Hence, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in biogenesis, membrane trafficking, and functions of EVs, highlighting the impact of nanoparticles and oxidative stress on EVs biogenesis and release and finally emphasizing the role of EVs as nanotherapeutic agents.Keywords: extracellular vesicle, membrane trafficking, vesicle formation, cargo sorting and fusion, nanotherapeuticsGurunathan SKang MHQasim MKhan KKim JHDove Medical Pressarticleextracellular vesiclemembrane traffickingvesicle formationcargo sorting and fusionnanotherapeuticsMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 3357-3383 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	extracellular vesicle membrane trafficking vesicle formation cargo sorting and fusion nanotherapeutics Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	extracellular vesicle membrane trafficking vesicle formation cargo sorting and fusion nanotherapeutics Medicine (General) R5-920 Gurunathan S Kang MH Qasim M Khan K Kim JH Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles
description	Sangiliyandi Gurunathan,1 Min-Hee Kang,1 Muhammad Qasim,2 Khalid Khan,3 Jin-Hoi Kim1 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea; 2Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; 3Science and Technology KPK, Peshawar, PakistanCorrespondence: Sangiliyandi Gurunathan; Jin-Hoi KimDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaTel +82 2 450 3687Fax +82 2 544 4645Email gsangiliyandi@yahoo.com; jhkim541@konkuk.ac.krAbstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-limited vesicles and multi-signal messengers loaded with biomolecules. Exosomes and ectosomes are two different types of EVs generated by all cell types. Their formation depends on local microdomains assembled in endocytic membranes for exosomes and in the plasma membrane for ectosomes. Further, EV release is a fundamental process required for intercellular communication in both normal physiology and pathological conditions to transmit/exchange bioactive molecules to recipient cells and the extracellular environment. The unique structure and composition of EVs enable them to serve as natural nanocarriers, and their physicochemical properties and biological functions can be used to develop next-generation nano and precision medicine. Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern EVs biology and membrane trafficking is essential for their clinical applications. However, in this rapidly expanding field, much remains unknown regarding EV origin, biogenesis, cargo sorting, and secretion, as well as EV-based theranostic platform generation. Hence, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in biogenesis, membrane trafficking, and functions of EVs, highlighting the impact of nanoparticles and oxidative stress on EVs biogenesis and release and finally emphasizing the role of EVs as nanotherapeutic agents.Keywords: extracellular vesicle, membrane trafficking, vesicle formation, cargo sorting and fusion, nanotherapeutics
format	article
author	Gurunathan S Kang MH Qasim M Khan K Kim JH
author_facet	Gurunathan S Kang MH Qasim M Khan K Kim JH
author_sort	Gurunathan S
title	Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles
title_short	Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles
title_full	Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles
title_fullStr	Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles
title_full_unstemmed	Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles
title_sort	biogenesis, membrane trafficking, functions, and next generation nanotherapeutics medicine of extracellular vesicles
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/09c7a6d979c5479f8a96b686c76b02b6
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Biogenesis, Membrane Trafficking, Functions, and Next Generation Nanotherapeutics Medicine of Extracellular Vesicles

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