Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) consist of a group of environmentally persistent, toxic and bio-accumulative organic compounds of industrial origin that are widely present in water and wastewater. Despite restricted use due to current regulations on their use, perfluorooctanoic...

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Autor principal:	Muhammad Umar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	PFAS UV VUV oxidation reduction water Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09c7c0c1989f4c1da228cf14445bcef8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09c7c0c1989f4c1da228cf14445bcef82021-11-25T19:15:15ZReductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives10.3390/w132231852073-4441https://doaj.org/article/09c7c0c1989f4c1da228cf14445bcef82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3185https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) consist of a group of environmentally persistent, toxic and bio-accumulative organic compounds of industrial origin that are widely present in water and wastewater. Despite restricted use due to current regulations on their use, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) remain the most commonly detected long-chain PFAS. This article reviews UV-based oxidative and reductive studies for the degradation of PFAS. Most of the UV-based processes studied at lab-scale include low pressure mercury lamps (emitting at 254 and 185 nm) with some studies using medium pressure mercury lamps (200–400 nm). A critical evaluation of the findings is made considering the degradation of PFAS, the impact of water quality conditions (pH, background ions, organics), types of oxidizing/reducing species, and source of irradiation with emphasis given to mechanisms of degradation and reaction by-products. Research gaps related to understanding of the factors influencing oxidative and reductive defluorination, impact of co-existing ions from the perspective of complexation with PFAS, and post-treatment toxicity are highlighted. The review also provides an overview of future perspectives regarding the challenges in relation to the current knowledge gaps, and future needs.Muhammad UmarMDPI AGarticlePFASUVVUVoxidationreductionwaterHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3185, p 3185 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PFAS UV VUV oxidation reduction water Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	PFAS UV VUV oxidation reduction water Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Muhammad Umar Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives
description	Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) consist of a group of environmentally persistent, toxic and bio-accumulative organic compounds of industrial origin that are widely present in water and wastewater. Despite restricted use due to current regulations on their use, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) remain the most commonly detected long-chain PFAS. This article reviews UV-based oxidative and reductive studies for the degradation of PFAS. Most of the UV-based processes studied at lab-scale include low pressure mercury lamps (emitting at 254 and 185 nm) with some studies using medium pressure mercury lamps (200–400 nm). A critical evaluation of the findings is made considering the degradation of PFAS, the impact of water quality conditions (pH, background ions, organics), types of oxidizing/reducing species, and source of irradiation with emphasis given to mechanisms of degradation and reaction by-products. Research gaps related to understanding of the factors influencing oxidative and reductive defluorination, impact of co-existing ions from the perspective of complexation with PFAS, and post-treatment toxicity are highlighted. The review also provides an overview of future perspectives regarding the challenges in relation to the current knowledge gaps, and future needs.
format	article
author	Muhammad Umar
author_facet	Muhammad Umar
author_sort	Muhammad Umar
title	Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives
title_short	Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives
title_full	Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives
title_fullStr	Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives
title_sort	reductive and oxidative uv degradation of pfas—status, needs and future perspectives
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/09c7c0c1989f4c1da228cf14445bcef8
work_keys_str_mv	AT muhammadumar reductiveandoxidativeuvdegradationofpfasstatusneedsandfutureperspectives
_version_	1718410072418156544

Reductive and Oxidative UV Degradation of PFAS—Status, Needs and Future Perspectives

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