Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions

When humic substances (HS) are present in the feed water, fouling of ion-exchange membranes is inevitable despite the built-in self-cleaning process of electrodialysis reversal systems (EDR). When Ca2+ is present in water, HS can readily chelate with them and form organic-Ca2+ complexes, which can f...

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Autores principales:	M.A.C.K. Hansima, J. Ketharani, D.R. Samarajeewa, K.G.N. Nanayakkara, Ajith C. Herath, Madhubhashini Makehelwala, Suresh Indika, K.B.S.N. Jinadasa, S.K. Weragoda, Yuansong Wei, Rohan Weerasooriya
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	EDR Anion exchange membrane Membrane fouling interactions Humic substances Calcium ion Ternary complexes Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09e151b9f4ba4df2bd6f568736337c63
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09e151b9f4ba4df2bd6f568736337c632021-11-18T04:53:07ZProbing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions2666-821110.1016/j.ceja.2021.100173https://doaj.org/article/09e151b9f4ba4df2bd6f568736337c632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821121000892https://doaj.org/toc/2666-8211When humic substances (HS) are present in the feed water, fouling of ion-exchange membranes is inevitable despite the built-in self-cleaning process of electrodialysis reversal systems (EDR). When Ca2+ is present in water, HS can readily chelate with them and form organic-Ca2+ complexes, which can foul anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in an irreversible manner. However, the elucidation of distinct processes between membrane scaling by Ca2+ and fouling by HS-Ca2+ complexes is debated. We examined the AEM fouling by Ca2+ and HS using synthetic groundwater. Well-characterized Sigma-Aldrich humic acid (HA) was used to adjust the dissolved organic carbon content in the water. Forcefully fouled AEM by HA and HA-Ca2+ was treated with 2% (w/w) NaCl and 0.03% (w/w) sodium dodecyl sulfate to destabilize the organic moieties on the membranes. The bonding types of HA-Ca2+ and HA with the membrane were examined by vibrational spectroscopy. The surface topographies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Both inter- and intramolecular interactions, including hydrophobic cation-π interactions among HA-Ca2+ complexes, were active in membrane fouling. Size compatibility and reduced surface charge of HA-Ca2+ (compared to HA) seems to alter the AEM self-cleaning process leading to irreversible fouling. Based on the vibrational spectral evidence, a plausible AEM fouling mechanism by HA-Ca2+ is proposed. Identification of interactions between the membrane and the foulant will provide an insight into designing appropriate self-cleaning protocols in EDR.M.A.C.K. HansimaJ. KetharaniD.R. SamarajeewaK.G.N. NanayakkaraAjith C. HerathMadhubhashini MakehelwalaSuresh IndikaK.B.S.N. JinadasaS.K. WeragodaYuansong WeiRohan WeerasooriyaElsevierarticleEDRAnion exchange membraneMembrane fouling interactionsHumic substancesCalcium ionTernary complexesChemical engineeringTP155-156ENChemical Engineering Journal Advances, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100173- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	EDR Anion exchange membrane Membrane fouling interactions Humic substances Calcium ion Ternary complexes Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	EDR Anion exchange membrane Membrane fouling interactions Humic substances Calcium ion Ternary complexes Chemical engineering TP155-156 M.A.C.K. Hansima J. Ketharani D.R. Samarajeewa K.G.N. Nanayakkara Ajith C. Herath Madhubhashini Makehelwala Suresh Indika K.B.S.N. Jinadasa S.K. Weragoda Yuansong Wei Rohan Weerasooriya Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions
description	When humic substances (HS) are present in the feed water, fouling of ion-exchange membranes is inevitable despite the built-in self-cleaning process of electrodialysis reversal systems (EDR). When Ca2+ is present in water, HS can readily chelate with them and form organic-Ca2+ complexes, which can foul anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in an irreversible manner. However, the elucidation of distinct processes between membrane scaling by Ca2+ and fouling by HS-Ca2+ complexes is debated. We examined the AEM fouling by Ca2+ and HS using synthetic groundwater. Well-characterized Sigma-Aldrich humic acid (HA) was used to adjust the dissolved organic carbon content in the water. Forcefully fouled AEM by HA and HA-Ca2+ was treated with 2% (w/w) NaCl and 0.03% (w/w) sodium dodecyl sulfate to destabilize the organic moieties on the membranes. The bonding types of HA-Ca2+ and HA with the membrane were examined by vibrational spectroscopy. The surface topographies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Both inter- and intramolecular interactions, including hydrophobic cation-π interactions among HA-Ca2+ complexes, were active in membrane fouling. Size compatibility and reduced surface charge of HA-Ca2+ (compared to HA) seems to alter the AEM self-cleaning process leading to irreversible fouling. Based on the vibrational spectral evidence, a plausible AEM fouling mechanism by HA-Ca2+ is proposed. Identification of interactions between the membrane and the foulant will provide an insight into designing appropriate self-cleaning protocols in EDR.
format	article
author	M.A.C.K. Hansima J. Ketharani D.R. Samarajeewa K.G.N. Nanayakkara Ajith C. Herath Madhubhashini Makehelwala Suresh Indika K.B.S.N. Jinadasa S.K. Weragoda Yuansong Wei Rohan Weerasooriya
author_facet	M.A.C.K. Hansima J. Ketharani D.R. Samarajeewa K.G.N. Nanayakkara Ajith C. Herath Madhubhashini Makehelwala Suresh Indika K.B.S.N. Jinadasa S.K. Weragoda Yuansong Wei Rohan Weerasooriya
author_sort	M.A.C.K. Hansima
title	Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions
title_short	Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions
title_full	Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions
title_fullStr	Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions
title_full_unstemmed	Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions
title_sort	probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/09e151b9f4ba4df2bd6f568736337c63
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Probing fouling mechanism of anion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis self-reversible treatment by humic acid and calcium ions

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