Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.

The mechanisms by which genes control organ shape are poorly understood. In principle, genes may control shape by modifying local rates and/or orientations of deformation. Distinguishing between these possibilities has been difficult because of interactions between patterns, orientations, and mechan...

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Autores principales:	Amelia A Green, J Richard Kennaway, Andrew I Hanna, J Andrew Bangham, Enrico Coen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09f253a585754cf5ad709a1428b316cc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09f253a585754cf5ad709a1428b316cc2021-11-18T05:36:57ZGenetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1000537https://doaj.org/article/09f253a585754cf5ad709a1428b316cc2010-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21085690/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885The mechanisms by which genes control organ shape are poorly understood. In principle, genes may control shape by modifying local rates and/or orientations of deformation. Distinguishing between these possibilities has been difficult because of interactions between patterns, orientations, and mechanical constraints during growth. Here we show how a combination of growth analysis, molecular genetics, and modelling can be used to dissect the factors contributing to shape. Using the Snapdragon (Antirrhinum) flower as an example, we show how shape development reflects local rates and orientations of tissue growth that vary spatially and temporally to form a dynamic growth field. This growth field is under the control of several dorsoventral genes that influence flower shape. The action of these genes can be modelled by assuming they modulate specified growth rates parallel or perpendicular to local orientations, established by a few key organisers of tissue polarity. Models in which dorsoventral genes only influence specified growth rates do not fully account for the observed growth fields and shapes. However, the data can be readily explained by a model in which dorsoventral genes also modify organisers of tissue polarity. In particular, genetic control of tissue polarity organisers at ventral petal junctions and distal boundaries allows both the shape and growth field of the flower to be accounted for in wild type and mutants. The results suggest that genetic control of tissue polarity organisers has played a key role in the development and evolution of shape.Amelia A GreenJ Richard KennawayAndrew I HannaJ Andrew BanghamEnrico CoenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e1000537 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Amelia A Green J Richard Kennaway Andrew I Hanna J Andrew Bangham Enrico Coen Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.
description	The mechanisms by which genes control organ shape are poorly understood. In principle, genes may control shape by modifying local rates and/or orientations of deformation. Distinguishing between these possibilities has been difficult because of interactions between patterns, orientations, and mechanical constraints during growth. Here we show how a combination of growth analysis, molecular genetics, and modelling can be used to dissect the factors contributing to shape. Using the Snapdragon (Antirrhinum) flower as an example, we show how shape development reflects local rates and orientations of tissue growth that vary spatially and temporally to form a dynamic growth field. This growth field is under the control of several dorsoventral genes that influence flower shape. The action of these genes can be modelled by assuming they modulate specified growth rates parallel or perpendicular to local orientations, established by a few key organisers of tissue polarity. Models in which dorsoventral genes only influence specified growth rates do not fully account for the observed growth fields and shapes. However, the data can be readily explained by a model in which dorsoventral genes also modify organisers of tissue polarity. In particular, genetic control of tissue polarity organisers at ventral petal junctions and distal boundaries allows both the shape and growth field of the flower to be accounted for in wild type and mutants. The results suggest that genetic control of tissue polarity organisers has played a key role in the development and evolution of shape.
format	article
author	Amelia A Green J Richard Kennaway Andrew I Hanna J Andrew Bangham Enrico Coen
author_facet	Amelia A Green J Richard Kennaway Andrew I Hanna J Andrew Bangham Enrico Coen
author_sort	Amelia A Green
title	Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.
title_short	Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.
title_full	Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.
title_fullStr	Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.
title_sort	genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/09f253a585754cf5ad709a1428b316cc
work_keys_str_mv	AT ameliaagreen geneticcontroloforganshapeandtissuepolarity AT jrichardkennaway geneticcontroloforganshapeandtissuepolarity AT andrewihanna geneticcontroloforganshapeandtissuepolarity AT jandrewbangham geneticcontroloforganshapeandtissuepolarity AT enricocoen geneticcontroloforganshapeandtissuepolarity
_version_	1718424831368626176

Genetic control of organ shape and tissue polarity.

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