Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device

Abstract Melamine, which induces proximal tubular (PT) cell damage has a greater nephrotoxic effect when combined with cyanuric and uric acids; however, it is unknown whether such effect can stimulate calcium phosphate (CaP)/calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Here, we show that melamine acts as...

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Autores principales:	Farai Gombedza, Sade Evans, Samuel Shin, Eugenia Awuah Boadi, Qian Zhang, Zhihong Nie, Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/09fb89559f5f4723be9d0e06e84b3583
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:09fb89559f5f4723be9d0e06e84b35832021-12-02T15:08:08ZMelamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device10.1038/s41598-018-37191-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/09fb89559f5f4723be9d0e06e84b35832019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37191-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Melamine, which induces proximal tubular (PT) cell damage has a greater nephrotoxic effect when combined with cyanuric and uric acids; however, it is unknown whether such effect can stimulate calcium phosphate (CaP)/calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Here, we show that melamine acts as an inducer of CaP, CaOx and CaP + CaOx (mixed) crystal formations in a time and concentration-dependent manner by stabilizing those crystals and further co-aggregating with melamine. To explore the physiological relevance of such melamine-augmented calcium crystal formation, we used 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D microfluidic (MF) device, embedded with PT cells, which also resembled the effect of melamine-stimulated CaP, CaOx and mixed crystal formation. Significantly, addition of preformed CaP and/or CaOx crystal in the presence of melamine, further potentiated those crystal formations in 3D MFs, which helped the growth and aggregation of mixed crystals. Our data show that the mechanism of such predisposition of stone formation could be largely due to co-crystallization between melamine and CaP/CaOx and pronounced effect on induction of stone-forming pathway activation in 3D MF. Taken together, melamine-induced CaP and/or CaOx crystal formation ex-vivo will help us in understanding the larger role of melamine as an environmental toxicant in producing the pathology in similar cellular microenvironments.Farai GombedzaSade EvansSamuel ShinEugenia Awuah BoadiQian ZhangZhihong NieBidhan C. BandyopadhyayNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Farai Gombedza Sade Evans Samuel Shin Eugenia Awuah Boadi Qian Zhang Zhihong Nie Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device
description	Abstract Melamine, which induces proximal tubular (PT) cell damage has a greater nephrotoxic effect when combined with cyanuric and uric acids; however, it is unknown whether such effect can stimulate calcium phosphate (CaP)/calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Here, we show that melamine acts as an inducer of CaP, CaOx and CaP + CaOx (mixed) crystal formations in a time and concentration-dependent manner by stabilizing those crystals and further co-aggregating with melamine. To explore the physiological relevance of such melamine-augmented calcium crystal formation, we used 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D microfluidic (MF) device, embedded with PT cells, which also resembled the effect of melamine-stimulated CaP, CaOx and mixed crystal formation. Significantly, addition of preformed CaP and/or CaOx crystal in the presence of melamine, further potentiated those crystal formations in 3D MFs, which helped the growth and aggregation of mixed crystals. Our data show that the mechanism of such predisposition of stone formation could be largely due to co-crystallization between melamine and CaP/CaOx and pronounced effect on induction of stone-forming pathway activation in 3D MF. Taken together, melamine-induced CaP and/or CaOx crystal formation ex-vivo will help us in understanding the larger role of melamine as an environmental toxicant in producing the pathology in similar cellular microenvironments.
format	article
author	Farai Gombedza Sade Evans Samuel Shin Eugenia Awuah Boadi Qian Zhang Zhihong Nie Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
author_facet	Farai Gombedza Sade Evans Samuel Shin Eugenia Awuah Boadi Qian Zhang Zhihong Nie Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
author_sort	Farai Gombedza
title	Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device
title_short	Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device
title_full	Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device
title_fullStr	Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device
title_full_unstemmed	Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device
title_sort	melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/09fb89559f5f4723be9d0e06e84b3583
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Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device

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