Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.

Lignin is nature's largest source of phenolic compounds. Its recalcitrance to enzymatic conversion is still a limiting step to increase the value of lignin. Although bacteria are able to degrade lignin in nature, most studies have focused on lignin degradation by fungi. To understand which bact...

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Autores principales:	Isis Viana Mendes, Mariana Botelho Garcia, Ana Carolina Araújo Bitencourt, Renata Henrique Santana, Philippe de Castro Lins, Rafaella Silveira, Blake A Simmons, John M Gladden, Ricardo Henrique Kruger, Betania Ferraz Quirino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a020249fa5d42e399861b66e4bdf91a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a020249fa5d42e399861b66e4bdf91a2021-12-02T20:14:39ZBacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255083https://doaj.org/article/0a020249fa5d42e399861b66e4bdf91a2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255083https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Lignin is nature's largest source of phenolic compounds. Its recalcitrance to enzymatic conversion is still a limiting step to increase the value of lignin. Although bacteria are able to degrade lignin in nature, most studies have focused on lignin degradation by fungi. To understand which bacteria are able to use lignin as the sole carbon source, natural selection over time was used to obtain enriched microbial consortia over a 12-week period. The source of microorganisms to establish these microbial consortia were commercial and backyard compost soils. Cultivation occurred at two different temperatures, 30°C and 37°C, in defined culture media containing either Kraft lignin or alkaline-extracted lignin as carbon source. iTag DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA gene was performed for each of the consortia at six timepoints (passages). The initial bacterial richness and diversity of backyard compost soil consortia was greater than that of commercial soil consortia, and both parameters decreased after the enrichment protocol, corroborating that selection was occurring. Bacterial consortia composition tended to stabilize from the fourth passage on. After the enrichment protocol, Firmicutes phylum bacteria were predominant when lignin extracted by alkaline method was used as a carbon source, whereas Proteobacteria were predominant when Kraft lignin was used. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity calculations at genus level, visualized using NMDS plots, showed that the type of lignin used as a carbon source contributed more to differentiate the bacterial consortia than the variable temperature. The main known bacterial genera selected to use lignin as a carbon source were Altererythrobacter, Aminobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Lysinibacillus, Microvirga, Mycobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Rhizobiales and Sphingobium. These selected bacterial genera can be of particular interest for studying lignin degradation and utilization, as well as for lignin-related biotechnology applications.Isis Viana MendesMariana Botelho GarciaAna Carolina Araújo BitencourtRenata Henrique SantanaPhilippe de Castro LinsRafaella SilveiraBlake A SimmonsJohn M GladdenRicardo Henrique KrugerBetania Ferraz QuirinoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0255083 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Isis Viana Mendes Mariana Botelho Garcia Ana Carolina Araújo Bitencourt Renata Henrique Santana Philippe de Castro Lins Rafaella Silveira Blake A Simmons John M Gladden Ricardo Henrique Kruger Betania Ferraz Quirino Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.
description	Lignin is nature's largest source of phenolic compounds. Its recalcitrance to enzymatic conversion is still a limiting step to increase the value of lignin. Although bacteria are able to degrade lignin in nature, most studies have focused on lignin degradation by fungi. To understand which bacteria are able to use lignin as the sole carbon source, natural selection over time was used to obtain enriched microbial consortia over a 12-week period. The source of microorganisms to establish these microbial consortia were commercial and backyard compost soils. Cultivation occurred at two different temperatures, 30°C and 37°C, in defined culture media containing either Kraft lignin or alkaline-extracted lignin as carbon source. iTag DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA gene was performed for each of the consortia at six timepoints (passages). The initial bacterial richness and diversity of backyard compost soil consortia was greater than that of commercial soil consortia, and both parameters decreased after the enrichment protocol, corroborating that selection was occurring. Bacterial consortia composition tended to stabilize from the fourth passage on. After the enrichment protocol, Firmicutes phylum bacteria were predominant when lignin extracted by alkaline method was used as a carbon source, whereas Proteobacteria were predominant when Kraft lignin was used. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity calculations at genus level, visualized using NMDS plots, showed that the type of lignin used as a carbon source contributed more to differentiate the bacterial consortia than the variable temperature. The main known bacterial genera selected to use lignin as a carbon source were Altererythrobacter, Aminobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Lysinibacillus, Microvirga, Mycobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Rhizobiales and Sphingobium. These selected bacterial genera can be of particular interest for studying lignin degradation and utilization, as well as for lignin-related biotechnology applications.
format	article
author	Isis Viana Mendes Mariana Botelho Garcia Ana Carolina Araújo Bitencourt Renata Henrique Santana Philippe de Castro Lins Rafaella Silveira Blake A Simmons John M Gladden Ricardo Henrique Kruger Betania Ferraz Quirino
author_facet	Isis Viana Mendes Mariana Botelho Garcia Ana Carolina Araújo Bitencourt Renata Henrique Santana Philippe de Castro Lins Rafaella Silveira Blake A Simmons John M Gladden Ricardo Henrique Kruger Betania Ferraz Quirino
author_sort	Isis Viana Mendes
title	Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.
title_short	Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.
title_full	Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.
title_fullStr	Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.
title_full_unstemmed	Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.
title_sort	bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a020249fa5d42e399861b66e4bdf91a
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_version_	1718374627414114304

Bacterial diversity dynamics in microbial consortia selected for lignin utilization.

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