Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)

Investigating surface displacements in high alpine environments is often subject to challenges due to the difficult accessibility or harsh climatic conditions. Measurement systems have improved greatly in recent years regarding accuracy, range, or energy consumption. Continuously receiving high-prec...

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Autores principales:	Franziska Glueer, Simon Loew, Reto Seifert, Jordan Aaron, Lorenz Grämiger, Stefan Conzett, Philippe Limpach, Andreas Wieser, Andrea Manconi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	landslides total station paraglacial environment surface displacement monitoring geodetic measurements Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a04b00b92b84491b5f0fbd3f9a7e511
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:0a04b00b92b84491b5f0fbd3f9a7e511
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a04b00b92b84491b5f0fbd3f9a7e5112021-11-25T17:43:10ZRobotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)10.3390/geosciences111104712076-3263https://doaj.org/article/0a04b00b92b84491b5f0fbd3f9a7e5112021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/11/471https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263Investigating surface displacements in high alpine environments is often subject to challenges due to the difficult accessibility or harsh climatic conditions. Measurement systems have improved greatly in recent years regarding accuracy, range, or energy consumption. Continuously receiving high-precision, real-time monitoring data from a remote location can still support a better understanding of slope dynamics and risk. We present the design, construction, operation, and performance of a complex surface displacement monitoring system installed in the surroundings of the Great Aletsch Glacier in the Swiss Alps, based on two robotic total stations to continuously measure 3D displacements with high accuracies. In addition, GNSS stations are also considered in order to pass from a local to a geographic reference system, as well as to improve the measurement accuracy. The monitoring network is aimed at studying several types of deformation processes, i.e., (i) gravitationally driven and irreversible rockslide movements around the tongue of the Great Aletsch Glacier, (ii) reversible rock slope deformations caused by annual cycles of groundwater recharge and depletion, and (iii) small irreversible deformations of stable rock slopes resulting from progressive rock damage driven by glacier retreat and cyclic hydraulic and thermal loading. We describe the technical details of the monitoring system, which has been in operation successfully for 6 years, and discuss the system performance in terms of its robustness and accuracy.Franziska GlueerSimon LoewReto SeifertJordan AaronLorenz GrämigerStefan ConzettPhilippe LimpachAndreas WieserAndrea ManconiMDPI AGarticlelandslidestotal stationparaglacial environmentsurface displacement monitoringgeodetic measurementsGeologyQE1-996.5ENGeosciences, Vol 11, Iss 471, p 471 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	landslides total station paraglacial environment surface displacement monitoring geodetic measurements Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	landslides total station paraglacial environment surface displacement monitoring geodetic measurements Geology QE1-996.5 Franziska Glueer Simon Loew Reto Seifert Jordan Aaron Lorenz Grämiger Stefan Conzett Philippe Limpach Andreas Wieser Andrea Manconi Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)
description	Investigating surface displacements in high alpine environments is often subject to challenges due to the difficult accessibility or harsh climatic conditions. Measurement systems have improved greatly in recent years regarding accuracy, range, or energy consumption. Continuously receiving high-precision, real-time monitoring data from a remote location can still support a better understanding of slope dynamics and risk. We present the design, construction, operation, and performance of a complex surface displacement monitoring system installed in the surroundings of the Great Aletsch Glacier in the Swiss Alps, based on two robotic total stations to continuously measure 3D displacements with high accuracies. In addition, GNSS stations are also considered in order to pass from a local to a geographic reference system, as well as to improve the measurement accuracy. The monitoring network is aimed at studying several types of deformation processes, i.e., (i) gravitationally driven and irreversible rockslide movements around the tongue of the Great Aletsch Glacier, (ii) reversible rock slope deformations caused by annual cycles of groundwater recharge and depletion, and (iii) small irreversible deformations of stable rock slopes resulting from progressive rock damage driven by glacier retreat and cyclic hydraulic and thermal loading. We describe the technical details of the monitoring system, which has been in operation successfully for 6 years, and discuss the system performance in terms of its robustness and accuracy.
format	article
author	Franziska Glueer Simon Loew Reto Seifert Jordan Aaron Lorenz Grämiger Stefan Conzett Philippe Limpach Andreas Wieser Andrea Manconi
author_facet	Franziska Glueer Simon Loew Reto Seifert Jordan Aaron Lorenz Grämiger Stefan Conzett Philippe Limpach Andreas Wieser Andrea Manconi
author_sort	Franziska Glueer
title	Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)
title_short	Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)
title_full	Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)
title_fullStr	Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)
title_full_unstemmed	Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)
title_sort	robotic total station monitoring in high alpine paraglacial environments: challenges and solutions from the great aletsch region (valais, switzerland)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a04b00b92b84491b5f0fbd3f9a7e511
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Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)

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