The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles

Eleonore Fr&ouml;hlichCenter for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaAbstract: Many types of nanoparticles (NPs) are tested for use in medical products, particularly in imaging and gene and drug delivery. For these applications, cellular uptake is usually a prerequisit...

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Autor principal:	Fr&ouml;hlich E
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a2523a27da741d3ae1f349e2838edb8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a2523a27da741d3ae1f349e2838edb82021-12-02T07:28:31ZThe role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/0a2523a27da741d3ae1f349e2838edb82012-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-surface-charge-in-cellular-uptake-and-cytotoxicity-of-medi-a11426https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Eleonore Fr&ouml;hlichCenter for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaAbstract: Many types of nanoparticles (NPs) are tested for use in medical products, particularly in imaging and gene and drug delivery. For these applications, cellular uptake is usually a prerequisite and is governed in addition to size by surface characteristics such as hydrophobicity and charge. Although positive charge appears to improve the efficacy of imaging, gene transfer, and drug delivery, a higher cytotoxicity of such constructs has been reported. This review summarizes findings on the role of surface charge on cytotoxicity in general, action on specific cellular targets, modes of toxic action, cellular uptake, and intracellular localization of NPs. Effects of serum and intercell type differences are addressed. Cationic NPs cause more pronounced disruption of plasma-membrane integrity, stronger mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, and a higher number of autophagosomes than anionic NPs. In general, nonphagocytic cells ingest cationic NPs to a higher extent, but charge density and hydrophobicity are equally important; phagocytic cells preferentially take up anionic NPs. Cells do not use different uptake routes for cationic and anionic NPs, but high uptake rates are usually linked to greater biological effects. The different uptake preferences of phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells for cationic and anionic NPs may influence the efficacy and selectivity of NPs for drug delivery and imaging.Keywords: endocytosis, plasma membrane, lysosomes, polystyrene particles, quantum dots, dendrimersFr&ouml;hlich EDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 5577-5591 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Fr&ouml;hlich E The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles
description	Eleonore Fr&ouml;hlichCenter for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaAbstract: Many types of nanoparticles (NPs) are tested for use in medical products, particularly in imaging and gene and drug delivery. For these applications, cellular uptake is usually a prerequisite and is governed in addition to size by surface characteristics such as hydrophobicity and charge. Although positive charge appears to improve the efficacy of imaging, gene transfer, and drug delivery, a higher cytotoxicity of such constructs has been reported. This review summarizes findings on the role of surface charge on cytotoxicity in general, action on specific cellular targets, modes of toxic action, cellular uptake, and intracellular localization of NPs. Effects of serum and intercell type differences are addressed. Cationic NPs cause more pronounced disruption of plasma-membrane integrity, stronger mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, and a higher number of autophagosomes than anionic NPs. In general, nonphagocytic cells ingest cationic NPs to a higher extent, but charge density and hydrophobicity are equally important; phagocytic cells preferentially take up anionic NPs. Cells do not use different uptake routes for cationic and anionic NPs, but high uptake rates are usually linked to greater biological effects. The different uptake preferences of phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells for cationic and anionic NPs may influence the efficacy and selectivity of NPs for drug delivery and imaging.Keywords: endocytosis, plasma membrane, lysosomes, polystyrene particles, quantum dots, dendrimers
format	article
author	Fr&ouml;hlich E
author_facet	Fr&ouml;hlich E
author_sort	Fr&ouml;hlich E
title	The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles
title_short	The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles
title_full	The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles
title_fullStr	The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles
title_sort	role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a2523a27da741d3ae1f349e2838edb8
work_keys_str_mv	AT frampoumlhliche theroleofsurfacechargeincellularuptakeandcytotoxicityofmedicalnanoparticles AT frampoumlhliche roleofsurfacechargeincellularuptakeandcytotoxicityofmedicalnanoparticles
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The role of surface charge in cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of medical nanoparticles

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