Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change

Abstract Physical condition is important for the ability to resist various parasites and diseases as well as in escaping predators thus contributing to reproductive success, over-winter survival and possible declines in wildlife populations. However, in-depth research on trends in body condition is...

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Autores principales:	Marek Kouba, Luděk Bartoš, Jitka Bartošová, Kari Hongisto, Erkki Korpimäki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a29d5c262ed468fb6e7df92321b8b6c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a29d5c262ed468fb6e7df92321b8b6c2021-12-02T18:48:01ZLong-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change10.1038/s41598-021-98447-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0a29d5c262ed468fb6e7df92321b8b6c2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98447-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Physical condition is important for the ability to resist various parasites and diseases as well as in escaping predators thus contributing to reproductive success, over-winter survival and possible declines in wildlife populations. However, in-depth research on trends in body condition is rare because decades-long datasets are not available for a majority of species. We analysed the long-term dataset of offspring covering 34 years, male parents (40 years) and female parents (42 years) to find out whether the decline of Tengmalm’s owl population in western Finland is attributable to either decreased adult and/or juvenile body condition in interaction with changing weather conditions and density estimates of main foods. We found that body condition of parent owl males and females declined throughout the 40-year study period whereas the body condition of owlets at the fledging stage very slightly increased. The body condition of parent owls increased with augmenting depth of snow cover in late winter (January to March), and that of offspring improved with increasing precipitation in late spring (May to June). We conclude that the decreasing trend of body condition of parent owl males and females is important factor probably inducing reduced adult survival and reduced reproduction success thus contributing to the long-term decline of the Tengmalm’s owl study population. The very slightly increasing trend of body condition of offspring is obviously not able to compensate the overall decline of Tengmalm’s owl population, because the number of offspring in turn simultaneously decreased considerably in the long-term. The ongoing climate change appeared to work in opposite ways in this case because declining depth of snow cover will make the situation worse but increased precipitation will improve. We suggest that the main reasons for long-term decline of body condition of parent owls are interactive or additive effects of reduced food resources and increased overall predation risk due to habitat degradation (loss and fragmentation of mature and old-growth forests due to clear-felling) subsequently leading to decline of Tengmalm’s owl study population.Marek KoubaLuděk BartošJitka BartošováKari HongistoErkki KorpimäkiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marek Kouba Luděk Bartoš Jitka Bartošová Kari Hongisto Erkki Korpimäki Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change
description	Abstract Physical condition is important for the ability to resist various parasites and diseases as well as in escaping predators thus contributing to reproductive success, over-winter survival and possible declines in wildlife populations. However, in-depth research on trends in body condition is rare because decades-long datasets are not available for a majority of species. We analysed the long-term dataset of offspring covering 34 years, male parents (40 years) and female parents (42 years) to find out whether the decline of Tengmalm’s owl population in western Finland is attributable to either decreased adult and/or juvenile body condition in interaction with changing weather conditions and density estimates of main foods. We found that body condition of parent owl males and females declined throughout the 40-year study period whereas the body condition of owlets at the fledging stage very slightly increased. The body condition of parent owls increased with augmenting depth of snow cover in late winter (January to March), and that of offspring improved with increasing precipitation in late spring (May to June). We conclude that the decreasing trend of body condition of parent owl males and females is important factor probably inducing reduced adult survival and reduced reproduction success thus contributing to the long-term decline of the Tengmalm’s owl study population. The very slightly increasing trend of body condition of offspring is obviously not able to compensate the overall decline of Tengmalm’s owl population, because the number of offspring in turn simultaneously decreased considerably in the long-term. The ongoing climate change appeared to work in opposite ways in this case because declining depth of snow cover will make the situation worse but increased precipitation will improve. We suggest that the main reasons for long-term decline of body condition of parent owls are interactive or additive effects of reduced food resources and increased overall predation risk due to habitat degradation (loss and fragmentation of mature and old-growth forests due to clear-felling) subsequently leading to decline of Tengmalm’s owl study population.
format	article
author	Marek Kouba Luděk Bartoš Jitka Bartošová Kari Hongisto Erkki Korpimäki
author_facet	Marek Kouba Luděk Bartoš Jitka Bartošová Kari Hongisto Erkki Korpimäki
author_sort	Marek Kouba
title	Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change
title_short	Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change
title_full	Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change
title_fullStr	Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change
title_full_unstemmed	Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change
title_sort	long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a29d5c262ed468fb6e7df92321b8b6c
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Long-term trends in the body condition of parents and offspring of Tengmalm’s owls under fluctuating food conditions and climate change

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