Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications

The utilization of composite materials is increasing at a growing rate in almost all types of products, due to their strength-to-stiffness ratio. From this perspective, natural waste composites, i.e., wood waste composites, have also been investigated for their effective and sustainable employment....

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Usman Khan, Muhammad Abas, Sahar Noor, Bashir Salah, Waqas Saleem, Razaullah Khan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	wood waste epoxy resin differential scanning calorimeter thermos gravimetric analysis taguchi method grey relational analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a357d2118ed43aa9e0b63c298f3da1f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a357d2118ed43aa9e0b63c298f3da1f2021-11-25T18:49:35ZExperimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications10.3390/polym132240382073-4360https://doaj.org/article/0a357d2118ed43aa9e0b63c298f3da1f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/4038https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360The utilization of composite materials is increasing at a growing rate in almost all types of products, due to their strength-to-stiffness ratio. From this perspective, natural waste composites, i.e., wood waste composites, have also been investigated for their effective and sustainable employment. This paper deals with the application of hard and soft wood waste (i.e., acacia and cedar wood) with epoxy resin polymer to develop high strength and thermally stable wood composites. Mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and thermal properties of samples are studied using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. The properties are evaluated by varying the type of wood waste and its percentage by weight. Based on the Taguchi Orthogonal Array Mixture Design, eighteen experiments are investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that wood waste type and wood waste content have a significant effect on all mechanical properties. From the TGA analysis, it is predicted that both types of wood waste composites exhibit similar thermal-induced degradation profiles in terms of the initial and final degradation temperatures. From the DSC results, higher glass transition temperature T<sub>g</sub> is detected in 10% of the hardwood waste composite, and a reducing tendency of glass transition temperature T<sub>g</sub> is observed with exceeding wood waste content. Moreover, hardwood waste at 10% demonstrated improved decomposition temperature T<sub>d</sub>, due to strong adhesion between waste and matrix.Muhammad Usman KhanMuhammad AbasSahar NoorBashir SalahWaqas SaleemRazaullah KhanMDPI AGarticlewood wasteepoxy resindifferential scanning calorimeterthermos gravimetric analysistaguchi methodgrey relational analysisOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 4038, p 4038 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	wood waste epoxy resin differential scanning calorimeter thermos gravimetric analysis taguchi method grey relational analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	wood waste epoxy resin differential scanning calorimeter thermos gravimetric analysis taguchi method grey relational analysis Organic chemistry QD241-441 Muhammad Usman Khan Muhammad Abas Sahar Noor Bashir Salah Waqas Saleem Razaullah Khan Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications
description	The utilization of composite materials is increasing at a growing rate in almost all types of products, due to their strength-to-stiffness ratio. From this perspective, natural waste composites, i.e., wood waste composites, have also been investigated for their effective and sustainable employment. This paper deals with the application of hard and soft wood waste (i.e., acacia and cedar wood) with epoxy resin polymer to develop high strength and thermally stable wood composites. Mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and thermal properties of samples are studied using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. The properties are evaluated by varying the type of wood waste and its percentage by weight. Based on the Taguchi Orthogonal Array Mixture Design, eighteen experiments are investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that wood waste type and wood waste content have a significant effect on all mechanical properties. From the TGA analysis, it is predicted that both types of wood waste composites exhibit similar thermal-induced degradation profiles in terms of the initial and final degradation temperatures. From the DSC results, higher glass transition temperature T<sub>g</sub> is detected in 10% of the hardwood waste composite, and a reducing tendency of glass transition temperature T<sub>g</sub> is observed with exceeding wood waste content. Moreover, hardwood waste at 10% demonstrated improved decomposition temperature T<sub>d</sub>, due to strong adhesion between waste and matrix.
format	article
author	Muhammad Usman Khan Muhammad Abas Sahar Noor Bashir Salah Waqas Saleem Razaullah Khan
author_facet	Muhammad Usman Khan Muhammad Abas Sahar Noor Bashir Salah Waqas Saleem Razaullah Khan
author_sort	Muhammad Usman Khan
title	Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications
title_short	Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications
title_full	Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications
title_fullStr	Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications
title_full_unstemmed	Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications
title_sort	experimental and statistical analysis of saw mill wood waste composite properties for practical applications
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a357d2118ed43aa9e0b63c298f3da1f
work_keys_str_mv	AT muhammadusmankhan experimentalandstatisticalanalysisofsawmillwoodwastecompositepropertiesforpracticalapplications AT muhammadabas experimentalandstatisticalanalysisofsawmillwoodwastecompositepropertiesforpracticalapplications AT saharnoor experimentalandstatisticalanalysisofsawmillwoodwastecompositepropertiesforpracticalapplications AT bashirsalah experimentalandstatisticalanalysisofsawmillwoodwastecompositepropertiesforpracticalapplications AT waqassaleem experimentalandstatisticalanalysisofsawmillwoodwastecompositepropertiesforpracticalapplications AT razaullahkhan experimentalandstatisticalanalysisofsawmillwoodwastecompositepropertiesforpracticalapplications
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Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications

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