Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS

(1) Background: The human brain is of interest in viral research because it is often the target of viruses. Neurological infections can result in consequences in the CNS, which can result in death or lifelong sequelae. Organoids modeling the CNS are notable because they are derived from stem cells t...

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Autores principales:	Hannah K. Hopkins, Elizabeth M. Traverse, Kelli L. Barr
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	organoids brain pathogenesis virus brain organoid generation brain organoid models Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a48c33754f74ec1957f45a2ee202824
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a48c33754f74ec1957f45a2ee2028242021-11-25T18:38:50ZMethodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS10.3390/pathogens101115102076-0817https://doaj.org/article/0a48c33754f74ec1957f45a2ee2028242021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1510https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817(1) Background: The human brain is of interest in viral research because it is often the target of viruses. Neurological infections can result in consequences in the CNS, which can result in death or lifelong sequelae. Organoids modeling the CNS are notable because they are derived from stem cells that differentiate into specific brain cells such as neural progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, and glial cells. Numerous protocols have been developed for the generation of CNS organoids, and our goal was to describe the various CNS organoid models available for viral pathogenesis research to serve as a guide to determine which protocol might be appropriate based on research goal, timeframe, and budget. (2) Methods: Articles for this review were found in Pubmed, Scopus and EMBASE. The search terms used were “brain + organoid” and “CNS + organoid” (3) Results: There are two main methods for organoid generation, and the length of time for organoid generation varied from 28 days to over 2 months. The costs for generating a population of organoids ranged from USD 1000 to 5000. (4) Conclusions: There are numerous methods for generating organoids representing multiple regions of the brain, with several types of modifications for fine-tuning the model to a researcher’s specifications. Organoid models of the CNS can serve as a platform for characterization and mechanistic studies that can reduce or eliminate the use of animals, especially for viruses that only cause disease in the human CNS.Hannah K. HopkinsElizabeth M. TraverseKelli L. BarrMDPI AGarticleorganoidsbrainpathogenesisvirusbrain organoid generationbrain organoid modelsMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1510, p 1510 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	organoids brain pathogenesis virus brain organoid generation brain organoid models Medicine R
spellingShingle	organoids brain pathogenesis virus brain organoid generation brain organoid models Medicine R Hannah K. Hopkins Elizabeth M. Traverse Kelli L. Barr Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS
description	(1) Background: The human brain is of interest in viral research because it is often the target of viruses. Neurological infections can result in consequences in the CNS, which can result in death or lifelong sequelae. Organoids modeling the CNS are notable because they are derived from stem cells that differentiate into specific brain cells such as neural progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, and glial cells. Numerous protocols have been developed for the generation of CNS organoids, and our goal was to describe the various CNS organoid models available for viral pathogenesis research to serve as a guide to determine which protocol might be appropriate based on research goal, timeframe, and budget. (2) Methods: Articles for this review were found in Pubmed, Scopus and EMBASE. The search terms used were “brain + organoid” and “CNS + organoid” (3) Results: There are two main methods for organoid generation, and the length of time for organoid generation varied from 28 days to over 2 months. The costs for generating a population of organoids ranged from USD 1000 to 5000. (4) Conclusions: There are numerous methods for generating organoids representing multiple regions of the brain, with several types of modifications for fine-tuning the model to a researcher’s specifications. Organoid models of the CNS can serve as a platform for characterization and mechanistic studies that can reduce or eliminate the use of animals, especially for viruses that only cause disease in the human CNS.
format	article
author	Hannah K. Hopkins Elizabeth M. Traverse Kelli L. Barr
author_facet	Hannah K. Hopkins Elizabeth M. Traverse Kelli L. Barr
author_sort	Hannah K. Hopkins
title	Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS
title_short	Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS
title_full	Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS
title_fullStr	Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS
title_full_unstemmed	Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS
title_sort	methodologies for generating brain organoids to model viral pathogenesis in the cns
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a48c33754f74ec1957f45a2ee202824
work_keys_str_mv	AT hannahkhopkins methodologiesforgeneratingbrainorganoidstomodelviralpathogenesisinthecns AT elizabethmtraverse methodologiesforgeneratingbrainorganoidstomodelviralpathogenesisinthecns AT kellilbarr methodologiesforgeneratingbrainorganoidstomodelviralpathogenesisinthecns
_version_	1718410813946986496

Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS

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