Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.

Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites that have successfully developed counteractive means against their hosts' immune and hemostatic mechanisms, but their ability to cope with potentially toxic molecules in the blood remains unclear. Iron is important in various physiological processes bu...

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Autores principales:	Remil Linggatong Galay, Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji, Eugene T Bacolod, Hiroki Maeda, Kodai Kusakisako, Jiro Koyama, Naotoshi Tsuji, Masami Mochizuki, Kozo Fujisaki, Tetsuya Tanaka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a511357cb4a42a8b0af624e3ead4a33
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a511357cb4a42a8b0af624e3ead4a332021-11-18T08:30:07ZTwo kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0090661https://doaj.org/article/0a511357cb4a42a8b0af624e3ead4a332014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24594832/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites that have successfully developed counteractive means against their hosts' immune and hemostatic mechanisms, but their ability to cope with potentially toxic molecules in the blood remains unclear. Iron is important in various physiological processes but can be toxic to living cells when in excess. We previously reported that the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis has an intracellular (HlFER1) and a secretory (HlFER2) ferritin, and both are crucial in successful blood feeding and reproduction. Ferritin gene silencing by RNA interference caused reduced feeding capacity, low body weight and high mortality after blood meal, decreased fecundity and morphological abnormalities in the midgut cells. Similar findings were also previously reported after silencing of ferritin genes in another hard tick, Ixodes ricinus. Here we demonstrated the role of ferritin in protecting the hard ticks from oxidative stress. Evaluation of oxidative stress in Hlfer-silenced ticks was performed after blood feeding or injection of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) through detection of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein oxidation product, protein carbonyl. FAC injection in Hlfer-silenced ticks resulted in high mortality. Higher levels of MDA and protein carbonyl were detected in Hlfer-silenced ticks compared to Luciferase-injected (control) ticks both after blood feeding and FAC injection. Ferric iron accumulation demonstrated by increased staining on native HlFER was observed from 72 h after iron injection in both the whole tick and the midgut. Furthermore, weak iron staining was observed after Hlfer knockdown. Taken together, these results show that tick ferritins are crucial antioxidant molecules that protect the hard tick from iron-mediated oxidative stress during blood feeding.Remil Linggatong GalayRika Umemiya-ShirafujiEugene T BacolodHiroki MaedaKodai KusakisakoJiro KoyamaNaotoshi TsujiMasami MochizukiKozo FujisakiTetsuya TanakaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e90661 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Remil Linggatong Galay Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji Eugene T Bacolod Hiroki Maeda Kodai Kusakisako Jiro Koyama Naotoshi Tsuji Masami Mochizuki Kozo Fujisaki Tetsuya Tanaka Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.
description	Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites that have successfully developed counteractive means against their hosts' immune and hemostatic mechanisms, but their ability to cope with potentially toxic molecules in the blood remains unclear. Iron is important in various physiological processes but can be toxic to living cells when in excess. We previously reported that the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis has an intracellular (HlFER1) and a secretory (HlFER2) ferritin, and both are crucial in successful blood feeding and reproduction. Ferritin gene silencing by RNA interference caused reduced feeding capacity, low body weight and high mortality after blood meal, decreased fecundity and morphological abnormalities in the midgut cells. Similar findings were also previously reported after silencing of ferritin genes in another hard tick, Ixodes ricinus. Here we demonstrated the role of ferritin in protecting the hard ticks from oxidative stress. Evaluation of oxidative stress in Hlfer-silenced ticks was performed after blood feeding or injection of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) through detection of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein oxidation product, protein carbonyl. FAC injection in Hlfer-silenced ticks resulted in high mortality. Higher levels of MDA and protein carbonyl were detected in Hlfer-silenced ticks compared to Luciferase-injected (control) ticks both after blood feeding and FAC injection. Ferric iron accumulation demonstrated by increased staining on native HlFER was observed from 72 h after iron injection in both the whole tick and the midgut. Furthermore, weak iron staining was observed after Hlfer knockdown. Taken together, these results show that tick ferritins are crucial antioxidant molecules that protect the hard tick from iron-mediated oxidative stress during blood feeding.
format	article
author	Remil Linggatong Galay Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji Eugene T Bacolod Hiroki Maeda Kodai Kusakisako Jiro Koyama Naotoshi Tsuji Masami Mochizuki Kozo Fujisaki Tetsuya Tanaka
author_facet	Remil Linggatong Galay Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji Eugene T Bacolod Hiroki Maeda Kodai Kusakisako Jiro Koyama Naotoshi Tsuji Masami Mochizuki Kozo Fujisaki Tetsuya Tanaka
author_sort	Remil Linggatong Galay
title	Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.
title_short	Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.
title_full	Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.
title_fullStr	Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.
title_full_unstemmed	Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.
title_sort	two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a511357cb4a42a8b0af624e3ead4a33
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Two kinds of ferritin protect ixodid ticks from iron overload and consequent oxidative stress.

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