Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.

<h4>Background</h4>The most frequently observed major consequences of ionizing radiation are chromosomal lesions and cancers, although the entire genome may be affected. Owing to its haploid status and absence of recombination, the human Y chromosome is an ideal candidate to be assessed...

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Autores principales:	Sanjay Premi, Jyoti Srivastava, Sebastian Padinjarel Chandy, Sher Ali
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a59555110274f9891ad8a823e0a252e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a59555110274f9891ad8a823e0a252e2021-11-25T06:17:05ZUnique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0004541https://doaj.org/article/0a59555110274f9891ad8a823e0a252e2009-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19242544/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The most frequently observed major consequences of ionizing radiation are chromosomal lesions and cancers, although the entire genome may be affected. Owing to its haploid status and absence of recombination, the human Y chromosome is an ideal candidate to be assessed for possible genetic alterations induced by ionizing radiation. We studied the human Y chromosome in 390 males from the South Indian state of Kerala, where the level of natural background radiation (NBR) is ten-fold higher than the worldwide average, and that from 790 unexposed males as control.<h4>Results</h4>We observed random microdeletions in the Azoospermia factor (AZF) a, b and c regions in >90%, and tandem duplication and copy number polymorphism (CNP) of 11 different Y-linked genes in about 80% of males exposed to NBR. The autosomal homologues of Y-linked CDY genes largely remained unaffected. Multiple polymorphic copies of the Y-linked genes showing single Y-specific signals suggested their tandem duplication. Some exposed males showed unilocus duplication of DAZ genes resulting in six copies. Notably, in the AZFa region, approximately 25% of exposed males showed deletion of the DBY gene, whereas flanking genes USP9Y and UTY remained unaffected. All these alterations were detected in blood samples but not in the germline (sperm) samples.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Exposure to high levels of NBR correlated with several interstitial polymorphisms of the human Y chromosome. CNPs and enhanced transcription of the SRY gene after duplication are envisaged to compensate for the loss of Y chromosome in some cells. The aforesaid changes, confined to peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggest a possible innate mechanism protecting the germline DNA from the NBR. Genome analysis of a larger population focusing on greater numbers of genes may provide new insights into the mechanisms and risks of the resultant genetic damages. The present work demonstrates unique signatures of NBR on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.Sanjay PremiJyoti SrivastavaSebastian Padinjarel ChandySher AliPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 2, p e4541 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sanjay Premi Jyoti Srivastava Sebastian Padinjarel Chandy Sher Ali Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The most frequently observed major consequences of ionizing radiation are chromosomal lesions and cancers, although the entire genome may be affected. Owing to its haploid status and absence of recombination, the human Y chromosome is an ideal candidate to be assessed for possible genetic alterations induced by ionizing radiation. We studied the human Y chromosome in 390 males from the South Indian state of Kerala, where the level of natural background radiation (NBR) is ten-fold higher than the worldwide average, and that from 790 unexposed males as control.<h4>Results</h4>We observed random microdeletions in the Azoospermia factor (AZF) a, b and c regions in >90%, and tandem duplication and copy number polymorphism (CNP) of 11 different Y-linked genes in about 80% of males exposed to NBR. The autosomal homologues of Y-linked CDY genes largely remained unaffected. Multiple polymorphic copies of the Y-linked genes showing single Y-specific signals suggested their tandem duplication. Some exposed males showed unilocus duplication of DAZ genes resulting in six copies. Notably, in the AZFa region, approximately 25% of exposed males showed deletion of the DBY gene, whereas flanking genes USP9Y and UTY remained unaffected. All these alterations were detected in blood samples but not in the germline (sperm) samples.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Exposure to high levels of NBR correlated with several interstitial polymorphisms of the human Y chromosome. CNPs and enhanced transcription of the SRY gene after duplication are envisaged to compensate for the loss of Y chromosome in some cells. The aforesaid changes, confined to peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggest a possible innate mechanism protecting the germline DNA from the NBR. Genome analysis of a larger population focusing on greater numbers of genes may provide new insights into the mechanisms and risks of the resultant genetic damages. The present work demonstrates unique signatures of NBR on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.
format	article
author	Sanjay Premi Jyoti Srivastava Sebastian Padinjarel Chandy Sher Ali
author_facet	Sanjay Premi Jyoti Srivastava Sebastian Padinjarel Chandy Sher Ali
author_sort	Sanjay Premi
title	Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.
title_short	Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.
title_full	Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.
title_fullStr	Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.
title_full_unstemmed	Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.
title_sort	unique signatures of natural background radiation on human y chromosomes from kerala, india.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a59555110274f9891ad8a823e0a252e
work_keys_str_mv	AT sanjaypremi uniquesignaturesofnaturalbackgroundradiationonhumanychromosomesfromkeralaindia AT jyotisrivastava uniquesignaturesofnaturalbackgroundradiationonhumanychromosomesfromkeralaindia AT sebastianpadinjarelchandy uniquesignaturesofnaturalbackgroundradiationonhumanychromosomesfromkeralaindia AT sherali uniquesignaturesofnaturalbackgroundradiationonhumanychromosomesfromkeralaindia
_version_	1718413964835028992

Unique signatures of natural background radiation on human Y chromosomes from Kerala, India.

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