Multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings

The accumulation of marine biofouling on ship hulls causes material damage, the spread of invasive species, and, indirectly, an increase in full consumption and subsequent pollutant gas emissions. Most efficient antifouling (AF) strategies rely on the conventional release of persistent, bioaccumulat...

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Autores principales: Cátia Vilas-Boas, Ana Rita Neves, Francisca Carvalhal, Sandra Pereira, Maria José Calhorda, Vitor Vasconcelos, Madalena Pinto, Emília Sousa, Joana R. Almeida, Elisabete R. Silva, Marta Correia-da-Silva
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Publicado: Elsevier 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/0a5a5cec16c349768a418e40d004bcd2
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:0a5a5cec16c349768a418e40d004bcd22021-11-14T04:28:21ZMultidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112970https://doaj.org/article/0a5a5cec16c349768a418e40d004bcd22021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321010824https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513The accumulation of marine biofouling on ship hulls causes material damage, the spread of invasive species, and, indirectly, an increase in full consumption and subsequent pollutant gas emissions. Most efficient antifouling (AF) strategies rely on the conventional release of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic biocides incorporated in marine coatings. A simple oxygenated xanthone, 3,4-dihydroxyxanthone (1), was previously reported as a promising AF agent toward the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae, with a therapeutic ratio higher than the commercial biocide Econea®. In this work, a structure-AF activity relationship study, an evaluation of environmental fate, and an AF efficiency in marine coatings were performed with compound 1. Hydroxy or methoxy groups at 3 and 4 positions in compound 1 favored AF activity, and groups with higher steric hindrances were detrimental. Compound 1 demonstrated low water-solubility and a short half-life in natural seawater, contrary to Econea®. In silico environmental fate predictions showed that compound 1 does not bioaccumulate in organism tissues, in contrast to other current emerging biocides, has a moderate affinity for sediments and slow migrates to ground water. No toxicity was observed against Vibrio fischeri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Polyurethane-based marine coatings containing compound 1 prepared through an innovative non-release-strategy were as efficient as those containing Econea® with low releases to water after 45 days. This proof-of-concept helped to establish compound 1 as a promising eco-friendly AF agent.Cátia Vilas-BoasAna Rita NevesFrancisca CarvalhalSandra PereiraMaria José CalhordaVitor VasconcelosMadalena PintoEmília SousaJoana R. AlmeidaElisabete R. SilvaMarta Correia-da-SilvaElsevierarticleBiofoulingEconeaEco-friendlyNon-release systemsSyntheticXanthonesEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 228, Iss , Pp 112970- (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Biofouling
Econea
Eco-friendly
Non-release systems
Synthetic
Xanthones
Environmental pollution
TD172-193.5
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
spellingShingle Biofouling
Econea
Eco-friendly
Non-release systems
Synthetic
Xanthones
Environmental pollution
TD172-193.5
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
Cátia Vilas-Boas
Ana Rita Neves
Francisca Carvalhal
Sandra Pereira
Maria José Calhorda
Vitor Vasconcelos
Madalena Pinto
Emília Sousa
Joana R. Almeida
Elisabete R. Silva
Marta Correia-da-Silva
Multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings
description The accumulation of marine biofouling on ship hulls causes material damage, the spread of invasive species, and, indirectly, an increase in full consumption and subsequent pollutant gas emissions. Most efficient antifouling (AF) strategies rely on the conventional release of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic biocides incorporated in marine coatings. A simple oxygenated xanthone, 3,4-dihydroxyxanthone (1), was previously reported as a promising AF agent toward the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae, with a therapeutic ratio higher than the commercial biocide Econea®. In this work, a structure-AF activity relationship study, an evaluation of environmental fate, and an AF efficiency in marine coatings were performed with compound 1. Hydroxy or methoxy groups at 3 and 4 positions in compound 1 favored AF activity, and groups with higher steric hindrances were detrimental. Compound 1 demonstrated low water-solubility and a short half-life in natural seawater, contrary to Econea®. In silico environmental fate predictions showed that compound 1 does not bioaccumulate in organism tissues, in contrast to other current emerging biocides, has a moderate affinity for sediments and slow migrates to ground water. No toxicity was observed against Vibrio fischeri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Polyurethane-based marine coatings containing compound 1 prepared through an innovative non-release-strategy were as efficient as those containing Econea® with low releases to water after 45 days. This proof-of-concept helped to establish compound 1 as a promising eco-friendly AF agent.
format article
author Cátia Vilas-Boas
Ana Rita Neves
Francisca Carvalhal
Sandra Pereira
Maria José Calhorda
Vitor Vasconcelos
Madalena Pinto
Emília Sousa
Joana R. Almeida
Elisabete R. Silva
Marta Correia-da-Silva
author_facet Cátia Vilas-Boas
Ana Rita Neves
Francisca Carvalhal
Sandra Pereira
Maria José Calhorda
Vitor Vasconcelos
Madalena Pinto
Emília Sousa
Joana R. Almeida
Elisabete R. Silva
Marta Correia-da-Silva
author_sort Cátia Vilas-Boas
title Multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings
title_short Multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings
title_full Multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings
title_fullStr Multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings
title_full_unstemmed Multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: Structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings
title_sort multidimensional characterization of a new antifouling xanthone: structure-activity relationship, environmental compatibility, and immobilization in marine coatings
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/0a5a5cec16c349768a418e40d004bcd2
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