Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal

This investigation intends to study and characterize the mortars and bricks from walls and floors used in the funerary nucleus of the archaeological site of Dr. Gonçalo Sampaio Street (Braga, Portugal), associated with the Via XVII necropolis of the <i>Bracara Augusta</i> Roman city. The...

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Autores principales:	Ana Fragata, Carla Candeias, Jorge Ribeiro, Cristina Braga, Luís Fontes, Ana Velosa, Fernando Rocha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mortars roman bricks <i>Bracara Augusta</i> necropolis funerary nucleus archaeological sites Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0a7a535a6b754f2ca1db1eac6be2167b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0a7a535a6b754f2ca1db1eac6be2167b2021-11-11T17:51:52ZArchaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal10.3390/ma142162901996-1944https://doaj.org/article/0a7a535a6b754f2ca1db1eac6be2167b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6290https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944This investigation intends to study and characterize the mortars and bricks from walls and floors used in the funerary nucleus of the archaeological site of Dr. Gonçalo Sampaio Street (Braga, Portugal), associated with the Via XVII necropolis of the <i>Bracara Augusta</i> Roman city. The diversity of the funeral structures and their exceptional state of conservation make this sector of the necropolis an unprecedented case and a reference site in the archaeology of Braga, a determinant for its conservation and musealization. Nineteen mortars samples were analysed by X-ray Fluorescence. The results showed clear chemical composition differences among coating and floor mortars (CFM), masonry mortars (MM) and bricks (B) groups of samples. The chemical affinity between CFM from the V to IV centuries, CFM from the IV to V centuries, MM from brick walls (IV–V centuries), MM from stone walls (V–VII centuries) and B from the IV to V centuries samples were confirmed by statistical analyses. Their composition was distinctly related to the use of different raw materials, according to their chronological context; in mortars, according to their function in the structures; and in some samples, from contamination.Ana FragataCarla CandeiasJorge RibeiroCristina BragaLuís FontesAna VelosaFernando RochaMDPI AGarticlemortarsroman bricks<i>Bracara Augusta</i>necropolisfunerary nucleusarchaeological sitesTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6290, p 6290 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mortars roman bricks <i>Bracara Augusta</i> necropolis funerary nucleus archaeological sites Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	mortars roman bricks <i>Bracara Augusta</i> necropolis funerary nucleus archaeological sites Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Ana Fragata Carla Candeias Jorge Ribeiro Cristina Braga Luís Fontes Ana Velosa Fernando Rocha Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal
description	This investigation intends to study and characterize the mortars and bricks from walls and floors used in the funerary nucleus of the archaeological site of Dr. Gonçalo Sampaio Street (Braga, Portugal), associated with the Via XVII necropolis of the <i>Bracara Augusta</i> Roman city. The diversity of the funeral structures and their exceptional state of conservation make this sector of the necropolis an unprecedented case and a reference site in the archaeology of Braga, a determinant for its conservation and musealization. Nineteen mortars samples were analysed by X-ray Fluorescence. The results showed clear chemical composition differences among coating and floor mortars (CFM), masonry mortars (MM) and bricks (B) groups of samples. The chemical affinity between CFM from the V to IV centuries, CFM from the IV to V centuries, MM from brick walls (IV–V centuries), MM from stone walls (V–VII centuries) and B from the IV to V centuries samples were confirmed by statistical analyses. Their composition was distinctly related to the use of different raw materials, according to their chronological context; in mortars, according to their function in the structures; and in some samples, from contamination.
format	article
author	Ana Fragata Carla Candeias Jorge Ribeiro Cristina Braga Luís Fontes Ana Velosa Fernando Rocha
author_facet	Ana Fragata Carla Candeias Jorge Ribeiro Cristina Braga Luís Fontes Ana Velosa Fernando Rocha
author_sort	Ana Fragata
title	Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal
title_short	Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal
title_full	Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal
title_fullStr	Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal
title_full_unstemmed	Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal
title_sort	archaeological and chemical investigation on mortars and bricks from a necropolis in braga, northwest of portugal
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0a7a535a6b754f2ca1db1eac6be2167b
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Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal

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