Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine

Intranasal immunization with whole inactivated virus (WIV) is an important strategy used for influenza prevention and control. However, a powerful mucosal adjuvant is required to improve nasal vaccine efficacy. Riboflavin, as a food additive with the advantages of being safe and low-cost, widely exi...

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Autores principales:	Yinyan Yin, Jinyuan Wang, Xing Xu, Bangyue Zhou, Sujuan Chen, Tao Qin, Daxin Peng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	adjuvant influenza nasal vaccine riboflavin dendritic cells MAPK pathways Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ab62b96f71549739a25795c7544f865
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ab62b96f71549739a25795c7544f8652021-11-25T19:11:03ZRiboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine10.3390/vaccines91112962076-393Xhttps://doaj.org/article/0ab62b96f71549739a25795c7544f8652021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1296https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XIntranasal immunization with whole inactivated virus (WIV) is an important strategy used for influenza prevention and control. However, a powerful mucosal adjuvant is required to improve nasal vaccine efficacy. Riboflavin, as a food additive with the advantages of being safe and low-cost, widely exists in living organisms. In this paper, the mucosal adjuvant function of riboflavin was studied. After intranasal immunization with H1N1 WIV plus riboflavin in mice, we found that the mucosal immunity based on the secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in the nasal cavity, trachea, and lung were strongly enhanced compared with H1N1 WIV alone. Meanwhile, the IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum also showed a high upregulation and a decreased ratio of IgG1/IgG2a, which implied a bias in the cellular immune response. Moreover, riboflavin strongly improved the protection level of H1N1 inactivated vaccine from a lethal influenza challenge. Furthermore, riboflavin was found to possess the capacity to induce dendritic cell (DC) phenotypic (MHCII, CD40, CD80, and CD86) and functional maturation, including cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p70, and IL-10) and the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. Lastly, we found that the DC maturation induced by riboflavin was dependent on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which plays an important role in immune regulation. Therefore, riboflavin is expected to be developed as an alternative mucosal adjuvant for influenza nasal vaccine application.Yinyan YinJinyuan WangXing XuBangyue ZhouSujuan ChenTao QinDaxin PengMDPI AGarticleadjuvantinfluenza nasal vaccineriboflavindendritic cellsMAPK pathwaysMedicineRENVaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1296, p 1296 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adjuvant influenza nasal vaccine riboflavin dendritic cells MAPK pathways Medicine R
spellingShingle	adjuvant influenza nasal vaccine riboflavin dendritic cells MAPK pathways Medicine R Yinyan Yin Jinyuan Wang Xing Xu Bangyue Zhou Sujuan Chen Tao Qin Daxin Peng Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine
description	Intranasal immunization with whole inactivated virus (WIV) is an important strategy used for influenza prevention and control. However, a powerful mucosal adjuvant is required to improve nasal vaccine efficacy. Riboflavin, as a food additive with the advantages of being safe and low-cost, widely exists in living organisms. In this paper, the mucosal adjuvant function of riboflavin was studied. After intranasal immunization with H1N1 WIV plus riboflavin in mice, we found that the mucosal immunity based on the secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in the nasal cavity, trachea, and lung were strongly enhanced compared with H1N1 WIV alone. Meanwhile, the IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum also showed a high upregulation and a decreased ratio of IgG1/IgG2a, which implied a bias in the cellular immune response. Moreover, riboflavin strongly improved the protection level of H1N1 inactivated vaccine from a lethal influenza challenge. Furthermore, riboflavin was found to possess the capacity to induce dendritic cell (DC) phenotypic (MHCII, CD40, CD80, and CD86) and functional maturation, including cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p70, and IL-10) and the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. Lastly, we found that the DC maturation induced by riboflavin was dependent on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which plays an important role in immune regulation. Therefore, riboflavin is expected to be developed as an alternative mucosal adjuvant for influenza nasal vaccine application.
format	article
author	Yinyan Yin Jinyuan Wang Xing Xu Bangyue Zhou Sujuan Chen Tao Qin Daxin Peng
author_facet	Yinyan Yin Jinyuan Wang Xing Xu Bangyue Zhou Sujuan Chen Tao Qin Daxin Peng
author_sort	Yinyan Yin
title	Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine
title_short	Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine
title_full	Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine
title_fullStr	Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine
title_full_unstemmed	Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine
title_sort	riboflavin as a mucosal adjuvant for nasal influenza vaccine
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ab62b96f71549739a25795c7544f865
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Riboflavin as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Nasal Influenza Vaccine

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