Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany

Phosphorus (P) is essential for agriculture; however, local P surpluses can have adverse environmental effects, such as eutrophication. Optimal P fertiliser use, therefore, means balancing these effects. Although P fluxes from soil to plants are key research areas, little is known about on-farm use...

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Autores principales:	Paul Winklhofer, Sabine Andert, Silke Hüttel, Bärbel Gerowitt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	on-farm records arable farming phosphorus fertiliser indicator fertiliser use Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b03bfe7546c4846b2e69863af7304f0
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:0b03bfe7546c4846b2e69863af7304f0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b03bfe7546c4846b2e69863af7304f02021-11-25T16:03:27ZMeasuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany10.3390/agronomy111121232073-4395https://doaj.org/article/0b03bfe7546c4846b2e69863af7304f02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2123https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Phosphorus (P) is essential for agriculture; however, local P surpluses can have adverse environmental effects, such as eutrophication. Optimal P fertiliser use, therefore, means balancing these effects. Although P fluxes from soil to plants are key research areas, little is known about on-farm use of P fertilisers. As, typically, not all fields or crops are treated with P annually, the transferability of measurements for other nutrients, such as nitrogen, appears limited. This study aims to close this knowledge gap. On-farm P use was described using the farm records of 50 farms in five regions of northern Germany for the period of 2010 to 2018. All sources for P fertilisation were taken into account as either P mineral, P organic or P total. Two indicators for on-farm P use were suggested: frequency, which gives the percentage of the treated area, and amount, which gives the quantity used per ha of the treated area. The frequency for P total ranged from 55.9% to 93.1% of the total farm area being fertilised. Amounts between 24.8 and 41.6 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> P total were applied on the treated area of the farm. The results supported the separation of the quantity and frequency in on-farm P use. No decrease in P use was found during the period investigated. Using mixed models, the results further show that explanatory variables, including the farm characteristics and crop choice, explain the substantial variations in P use. It is recommended for the example of Germany to establish an official digital database for P fertilisers that can be updated professionally and is mandatory for all documentation on P use.Paul WinklhoferSabine AndertSilke HüttelBärbel GerowittMDPI AGarticleon-farm recordsarable farmingphosphorus fertiliser indicatorfertiliser useAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2123, p 2123 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	on-farm records arable farming phosphorus fertiliser indicator fertiliser use Agriculture S
spellingShingle	on-farm records arable farming phosphorus fertiliser indicator fertiliser use Agriculture S Paul Winklhofer Sabine Andert Silke Hüttel Bärbel Gerowitt Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany
description	Phosphorus (P) is essential for agriculture; however, local P surpluses can have adverse environmental effects, such as eutrophication. Optimal P fertiliser use, therefore, means balancing these effects. Although P fluxes from soil to plants are key research areas, little is known about on-farm use of P fertilisers. As, typically, not all fields or crops are treated with P annually, the transferability of measurements for other nutrients, such as nitrogen, appears limited. This study aims to close this knowledge gap. On-farm P use was described using the farm records of 50 farms in five regions of northern Germany for the period of 2010 to 2018. All sources for P fertilisation were taken into account as either P mineral, P organic or P total. Two indicators for on-farm P use were suggested: frequency, which gives the percentage of the treated area, and amount, which gives the quantity used per ha of the treated area. The frequency for P total ranged from 55.9% to 93.1% of the total farm area being fertilised. Amounts between 24.8 and 41.6 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> P total were applied on the treated area of the farm. The results supported the separation of the quantity and frequency in on-farm P use. No decrease in P use was found during the period investigated. Using mixed models, the results further show that explanatory variables, including the farm characteristics and crop choice, explain the substantial variations in P use. It is recommended for the example of Germany to establish an official digital database for P fertilisers that can be updated professionally and is mandatory for all documentation on P use.
format	article
author	Paul Winklhofer Sabine Andert Silke Hüttel Bärbel Gerowitt
author_facet	Paul Winklhofer Sabine Andert Silke Hüttel Bärbel Gerowitt
author_sort	Paul Winklhofer
title	Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany
title_short	Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany
title_full	Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany
title_fullStr	Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany
title_full_unstemmed	Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany
title_sort	measuring on-farm phosphorus fertiliser use—lessons learned from surveying data of five regions in northern germany
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b03bfe7546c4846b2e69863af7304f0
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Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany

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