Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions

Solar power has innate issues with weather, grid demand and time of day, which can be mitigated through use of thermal energy storage for concentrating solar power (CSP). Nuclear reactors, including lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs), can adjust power output according to demand; but with high fixed co...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Brian T. White, Michael J. Wagner, Ty Neises, Cory Stansbury, Ben Lindley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle concentrating solar power (CSP) lead fast reactor (LFR) cogeneration complimentary cycle thermal energy storage (TES) Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b170f6e31b940d394fd8e3488ea7595
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:0b170f6e31b940d394fd8e3488ea7595
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b170f6e31b940d394fd8e3488ea75952021-11-25T19:00:58ZModeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions10.3390/su1322124282071-1050https://doaj.org/article/0b170f6e31b940d394fd8e3488ea75952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12428https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Solar power has innate issues with weather, grid demand and time of day, which can be mitigated through use of thermal energy storage for concentrating solar power (CSP). Nuclear reactors, including lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs), can adjust power output according to demand; but with high fixed costs and low operating costs, there may not be sufficient economic incentive to make this worthwhile. We investigate potential synergies through coupling CSP and LFR together in a single supercritical CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> Brayton cycle and/or using the same thermal energy storage. Combining these cycles allows for the LFR to thermally charge the salt storage in the CSP cycle during low-demand periods to be dispatched when grid demand increases. The LFR/CSP coupling into one cycle is modeled to find the preferred location of the LFR heat exchanger, CSP heat exchanger, sCO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-to-salt heat exchanger (C2S), turbines, and recuperators within the supercritical CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> Brayton cycle. Three cycle configurations have been studied: two-cycle configuration, which uses CSP and LFR heat for dedicated turbocompressors, has the highest efficiencies but with less component synergies; a combined cycle with CSP and LFR heat sources in parallel is the simplest with the lowest efficiencies; and a combined cycle with separate high-temperature recuperators for both the CSP and LFR is a compromise between efficiency and component synergies. Additionally, four thermal energy storage charging techniques are studied: the turbine positioned before C2S, requiring a high LFR outlet temperature for viability; the turbine after the C2S, reducing turbine inlet temperature and therefore power; the turbine parallel to the C2S producing moderate efficiency; and a dedicated circulator loop. While all configurations have pros and cons, use of a single cycle offers component synergies with limited efficiency penalty. Using a turbine in parallel with the C2S heat exchanger is feasible but results in a low charging efficiency, while a dedicated circulator loop offers flexibility and near-perfect heat storage efficiency but increasing cost with additional cycle components.Brian T. WhiteMichael J. WagnerTy NeisesCory StansburyBen LindleyMDPI AGarticlesupercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycleconcentrating solar power (CSP)lead fast reactor (LFR)cogenerationcomplimentary cyclethermal energy storage (TES)Environmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12428, p 12428 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle concentrating solar power (CSP) lead fast reactor (LFR) cogeneration complimentary cycle thermal energy storage (TES) Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle concentrating solar power (CSP) lead fast reactor (LFR) cogeneration complimentary cycle thermal energy storage (TES) Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Brian T. White Michael J. Wagner Ty Neises Cory Stansbury Ben Lindley Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions
description	Solar power has innate issues with weather, grid demand and time of day, which can be mitigated through use of thermal energy storage for concentrating solar power (CSP). Nuclear reactors, including lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs), can adjust power output according to demand; but with high fixed costs and low operating costs, there may not be sufficient economic incentive to make this worthwhile. We investigate potential synergies through coupling CSP and LFR together in a single supercritical CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> Brayton cycle and/or using the same thermal energy storage. Combining these cycles allows for the LFR to thermally charge the salt storage in the CSP cycle during low-demand periods to be dispatched when grid demand increases. The LFR/CSP coupling into one cycle is modeled to find the preferred location of the LFR heat exchanger, CSP heat exchanger, sCO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-to-salt heat exchanger (C2S), turbines, and recuperators within the supercritical CO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> Brayton cycle. Three cycle configurations have been studied: two-cycle configuration, which uses CSP and LFR heat for dedicated turbocompressors, has the highest efficiencies but with less component synergies; a combined cycle with CSP and LFR heat sources in parallel is the simplest with the lowest efficiencies; and a combined cycle with separate high-temperature recuperators for both the CSP and LFR is a compromise between efficiency and component synergies. Additionally, four thermal energy storage charging techniques are studied: the turbine positioned before C2S, requiring a high LFR outlet temperature for viability; the turbine after the C2S, reducing turbine inlet temperature and therefore power; the turbine parallel to the C2S producing moderate efficiency; and a dedicated circulator loop. While all configurations have pros and cons, use of a single cycle offers component synergies with limited efficiency penalty. Using a turbine in parallel with the C2S heat exchanger is feasible but results in a low charging efficiency, while a dedicated circulator loop offers flexibility and near-perfect heat storage efficiency but increasing cost with additional cycle components.
format	article
author	Brian T. White Michael J. Wagner Ty Neises Cory Stansbury Ben Lindley
author_facet	Brian T. White Michael J. Wagner Ty Neises Cory Stansbury Ben Lindley
author_sort	Brian T. White
title	Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions
title_short	Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions
title_full	Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions
title_fullStr	Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions
title_sort	modeling of combined lead fast reactor and concentrating solar power supercritical carbon dioxide cycles to demonstrate feasibility, efficiency gains, and cost reductions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b170f6e31b940d394fd8e3488ea7595
work_keys_str_mv	AT briantwhite modelingofcombinedleadfastreactorandconcentratingsolarpowersupercriticalcarbondioxidecyclestodemonstratefeasibilityefficiencygainsandcostreductions AT michaeljwagner modelingofcombinedleadfastreactorandconcentratingsolarpowersupercriticalcarbondioxidecyclestodemonstratefeasibilityefficiencygainsandcostreductions AT tyneises modelingofcombinedleadfastreactorandconcentratingsolarpowersupercriticalcarbondioxidecyclestodemonstratefeasibilityefficiencygainsandcostreductions AT corystansbury modelingofcombinedleadfastreactorandconcentratingsolarpowersupercriticalcarbondioxidecyclestodemonstratefeasibilityefficiencygainsandcostreductions AT benlindley modelingofcombinedleadfastreactorandconcentratingsolarpowersupercriticalcarbondioxidecyclestodemonstratefeasibilityefficiencygainsandcostreductions
_version_	1718410383613493248

Modeling of Combined Lead Fast Reactor and Concentrating Solar Power Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles to Demonstrate Feasibility, Efficiency Gains, and Cost Reductions

Ejemplares similares