Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones

Abstract Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) is a low-cost approach for screening of various ophthalmic diseases and particularly suited to resource limited settings. Thus, we assessed how best to upskill alternative healthcare cadres in SBFI and whether quality of obtained images is comparable t...

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Autores principales:	Linus G. Jansen, Payal Shah, Bettina Wabbels, Frank G. Holz, Robert P. Finger, Maximilian W. M. Wintergerst
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b250409978e483392ff3de5a48905e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b250409978e483392ff3de5a48905e62021-12-02T17:41:10ZLearning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones10.1038/s41598-021-92232-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0b250409978e483392ff3de5a48905e62021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92232-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) is a low-cost approach for screening of various ophthalmic diseases and particularly suited to resource limited settings. Thus, we assessed how best to upskill alternative healthcare cadres in SBFI and whether quality of obtained images is comparable to ophthalmologists. Ophthalmic assistants and ophthalmologists received a standardized training to SBFI (Heine iC2 combined with an iPhone 6) and 10 training examinations for capturing central retinal images. Examination time, total number of images, image alignment, usable field-of-view, and image quality (sharpness/focus, reflex artifacts, contrast/illumination) were analyzed. Thirty examiners (14 ophthalmic assistants and 16 ophthalmologists) and 14 volunteer test subjects were included. Mean examination time (1st and 10th training, respectively: 2.17 ± 1.54 and 0.56 ± 0.51 min, p < .0001), usable field-of-view (92 ± 16% and 98 ± 6.0%, p = .003) and image quality in terms of sharpness/focus (p = .002) improved by the training. Examination time was significantly shorter for ophthalmologists compared to ophthalmic assistants (10th training: 0.35 ± 0.21 and 0.79 ± 0.65 min, p = .011), but there was no significant difference in usable field-of-view and image quality. This study demonstrates the high learnability of SBFI with a relatively short training and mostly comparable results across healthcare cadres. The results will aid implementing and planning further SBFI field studies.Linus G. JansenPayal ShahBettina WabbelsFrank G. HolzRobert P. FingerMaximilian W. M. WintergerstNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Linus G. Jansen Payal Shah Bettina Wabbels Frank G. Holz Robert P. Finger Maximilian W. M. Wintergerst Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones
description	Abstract Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) is a low-cost approach for screening of various ophthalmic diseases and particularly suited to resource limited settings. Thus, we assessed how best to upskill alternative healthcare cadres in SBFI and whether quality of obtained images is comparable to ophthalmologists. Ophthalmic assistants and ophthalmologists received a standardized training to SBFI (Heine iC2 combined with an iPhone 6) and 10 training examinations for capturing central retinal images. Examination time, total number of images, image alignment, usable field-of-view, and image quality (sharpness/focus, reflex artifacts, contrast/illumination) were analyzed. Thirty examiners (14 ophthalmic assistants and 16 ophthalmologists) and 14 volunteer test subjects were included. Mean examination time (1st and 10th training, respectively: 2.17 ± 1.54 and 0.56 ± 0.51 min, p < .0001), usable field-of-view (92 ± 16% and 98 ± 6.0%, p = .003) and image quality in terms of sharpness/focus (p = .002) improved by the training. Examination time was significantly shorter for ophthalmologists compared to ophthalmic assistants (10th training: 0.35 ± 0.21 and 0.79 ± 0.65 min, p = .011), but there was no significant difference in usable field-of-view and image quality. This study demonstrates the high learnability of SBFI with a relatively short training and mostly comparable results across healthcare cadres. The results will aid implementing and planning further SBFI field studies.
format	article
author	Linus G. Jansen Payal Shah Bettina Wabbels Frank G. Holz Robert P. Finger Maximilian W. M. Wintergerst
author_facet	Linus G. Jansen Payal Shah Bettina Wabbels Frank G. Holz Robert P. Finger Maximilian W. M. Wintergerst
author_sort	Linus G. Jansen
title	Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones
title_short	Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones
title_full	Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones
title_fullStr	Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones
title_full_unstemmed	Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones
title_sort	learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b250409978e483392ff3de5a48905e6
work_keys_str_mv	AT linusgjansen learningcurveevaluationupskillingretinalimagingusingsmartphones AT payalshah learningcurveevaluationupskillingretinalimagingusingsmartphones AT bettinawabbels learningcurveevaluationupskillingretinalimagingusingsmartphones AT frankgholz learningcurveevaluationupskillingretinalimagingusingsmartphones AT robertpfinger learningcurveevaluationupskillingretinalimagingusingsmartphones AT maximilianwmwintergerst learningcurveevaluationupskillingretinalimagingusingsmartphones
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Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones

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