Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.

<h4>Purpose</h4>Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions.<h4>Methods</h4>Illuminance (lux) was recorded using...

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Autores principales:	Shashank Kishore Bhandary, Rohit Dhakal, Vishwa Sanghavi, Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b2893323acb46da936b210945a2b5af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b2893323acb46da936b210945a2b5af2021-12-02T20:09:38ZAmbient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254027https://doaj.org/article/0b2893323acb46da936b210945a2b5af2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254027https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Purpose</h4>Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions.<h4>Methods</h4>Illuminance (lux) was recorded using a lux meter under conditions of weather (sunny/cloudy), time of a day (7:00,10:00,13:00, and 16:00 hours), seasons (summer/winter), and sun protection (hat and cap) in outdoor and indoor locations. Nine outdoor locations were "open playground", "under a translucent artificial-shade", "under a porch facing east", "under a porch facing south", "under a big tree", "between three buildings", "within 4 buildings", and "canopy". As a ninth outdoor location, "Under a glass bowl" in the outdoor location was used as a simulation for "glass classroom model" and measurement was taken at the floor level only to determine in overall the illuminance conditions with glass covered on all sides. The 4 indoor locations included "room with multiple large windows", "room with combination light source", "room with multiple artificial lights", and "room with single artificial light".<h4>Results</h4>The overall median illuminance level (median; Q1-Q3) recorded in 9 outdoor locations was 8 times higher than that of all indoor locations (1175;197-5400 lux vs. 179;50-333 lux). Highest illuminance in outdoor locations was recorded in "open playground" (9300;4100-16825 lux), followed by "under a translucent artificial shade (8180;4200-13300 lux) and the lowest in "within 4 buildings" (11;6-20 lux). Illuminance under 'Canopy', 'between three buildings' and 'within four buildings' was similar to that of indoor locations (<1000 lux). Time of the day, weather, season, sensor position and using sun protection did not alter illuminance to change from high to low level (>1000 to <1000 lux). Among indoor locations, illuminance in "room with multiple large windows" crossed 1000 lux at a specific time points on both sunny and cloudy days.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Illuminance levels in outdoors and indoors varied with location type, but not with other conditions. Given the variation in illuminance in different locations, and the impact it may have on myopia control, appropriate detailed recommendations seems necessary while suggesting time outdoors as an anti-myopia strategy to ensure desired outcomes.Shashank Kishore BhandaryRohit DhakalVishwa SanghaviPavan Kumar VerkicharlaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254027 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shashank Kishore Bhandary Rohit Dhakal Vishwa Sanghavi Pavan Kumar Verkicharla Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.
description	<h4>Purpose</h4>Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions.<h4>Methods</h4>Illuminance (lux) was recorded using a lux meter under conditions of weather (sunny/cloudy), time of a day (7:00,10:00,13:00, and 16:00 hours), seasons (summer/winter), and sun protection (hat and cap) in outdoor and indoor locations. Nine outdoor locations were "open playground", "under a translucent artificial-shade", "under a porch facing east", "under a porch facing south", "under a big tree", "between three buildings", "within 4 buildings", and "canopy". As a ninth outdoor location, "Under a glass bowl" in the outdoor location was used as a simulation for "glass classroom model" and measurement was taken at the floor level only to determine in overall the illuminance conditions with glass covered on all sides. The 4 indoor locations included "room with multiple large windows", "room with combination light source", "room with multiple artificial lights", and "room with single artificial light".<h4>Results</h4>The overall median illuminance level (median; Q1-Q3) recorded in 9 outdoor locations was 8 times higher than that of all indoor locations (1175;197-5400 lux vs. 179;50-333 lux). Highest illuminance in outdoor locations was recorded in "open playground" (9300;4100-16825 lux), followed by "under a translucent artificial shade (8180;4200-13300 lux) and the lowest in "within 4 buildings" (11;6-20 lux). Illuminance under 'Canopy', 'between three buildings' and 'within four buildings' was similar to that of indoor locations (<1000 lux). Time of the day, weather, season, sensor position and using sun protection did not alter illuminance to change from high to low level (>1000 to <1000 lux). Among indoor locations, illuminance in "room with multiple large windows" crossed 1000 lux at a specific time points on both sunny and cloudy days.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Illuminance levels in outdoors and indoors varied with location type, but not with other conditions. Given the variation in illuminance in different locations, and the impact it may have on myopia control, appropriate detailed recommendations seems necessary while suggesting time outdoors as an anti-myopia strategy to ensure desired outcomes.
format	article
author	Shashank Kishore Bhandary Rohit Dhakal Vishwa Sanghavi Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
author_facet	Shashank Kishore Bhandary Rohit Dhakal Vishwa Sanghavi Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
author_sort	Shashank Kishore Bhandary
title	Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.
title_short	Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.
title_full	Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.
title_fullStr	Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.
title_full_unstemmed	Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.
title_sort	ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: potential to impact myopia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b2893323acb46da936b210945a2b5af
work_keys_str_mv	AT shashankkishorebhandary ambientlightlevelvarieswithdifferentlocationsandenvironmentalconditionspotentialtoimpactmyopia AT rohitdhakal ambientlightlevelvarieswithdifferentlocationsandenvironmentalconditionspotentialtoimpactmyopia AT vishwasanghavi ambientlightlevelvarieswithdifferentlocationsandenvironmentalconditionspotentialtoimpactmyopia AT pavankumarverkicharla ambientlightlevelvarieswithdifferentlocationsandenvironmentalconditionspotentialtoimpactmyopia
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Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia.

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