Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children

Abstract Acute gastroenteritis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young children worldwide. It accounts for approximately 1.34 million deaths annually in children younger than five years. Infection can be caused by viral, bacterial and/or parasitic microorganisms. Dysbiosis due t...

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Autores principales:	Shilu Mathew, Maria K. Smatti, Khalid Al Ansari, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Asmaa A. Al Thani, Hadi M. Yassine
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b3cd2578c9749948a760d1793b27bb7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b3cd2578c9749948a760d1793b27bb72021-12-02T15:09:28ZMixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children10.1038/s41598-018-37162-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0b3cd2578c9749948a760d1793b27bb72019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37162-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Acute gastroenteritis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young children worldwide. It accounts for approximately 1.34 million deaths annually in children younger than five years. Infection can be caused by viral, bacterial and/or parasitic microorganisms. Dysbiosis due to such infections could dramatically affect disease prognosis as well as development of chronic illness. The aim of this study was to analyze gut microbiome and clinical outcomes in young children suffering from viral or mixed viral-bacterial infection. We evaluated gut microbiota composition in children suffering from viral or mixed viral-bacterial infection with two major viruses rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) and two pathogenic bacteria [Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)]. We sequenced 16S ribosomal RNA (V4 region) genes using Illumina MiSeq in 70 hospitalized children suffering from gastroenteric infections plus nine healthy controls. The study summarized Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundances with the Bray-Curtis index and performed a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis to visualize microbiome similarities. We used a permutational multivariate analyses of variance to test the significance of group differences. We also analyzed the correlation between microbiome changes and clinical outcomes. Our data demonstrated a significant increase in the severity score in children with viral-bacterial mixed infections compared to those with virus infections alone. Statistical analysis by overall relative abundance denoted lesser proportions of Bacteroides in the infected children, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae richness was more prominent in the bacterial-viral mixed infections. Pairwise differences of gut microbiota were significantly higher in RV + EAEC (P = 0.009) and NoV + EAEC (P = 0.009) co-infections, compared to EPEC mixed infection with both, RV (P = 0.045) and NoV (P = 0.188). Shannon diversity index showed considerable more variation in microbiome diversity in children infected with RV cohort compared to NoV cohort. Our results highlight that richness of Bifidobacteriaceae, which acts as probiotics, increased with the severity of the viral-bacterial mixed infections. As expected, significant reduction of relative numbers of Bacteroides was characterized in both RV and NoV infections, with more reduction observed in co-infection pathogenic E. coli. Although mixed infection with EAEC resulted in significant microbiota differences compared to viral infection only or mixed infection with EPEC, the clinical condition of the children were worsened with both pathogenic E.coli co-infections. Further, in comparison with RV cohort, augmented number of differential abundant pathogenic OTUs were peculiarly noticed only with NoV mixed infection.Shilu MathewMaria K. SmattiKhalid Al AnsariGheyath K. NasrallahAsmaa A. Al ThaniHadi M. YassineNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shilu Mathew Maria K. Smatti Khalid Al Ansari Gheyath K. Nasrallah Asmaa A. Al Thani Hadi M. Yassine Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children
description	Abstract Acute gastroenteritis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young children worldwide. It accounts for approximately 1.34 million deaths annually in children younger than five years. Infection can be caused by viral, bacterial and/or parasitic microorganisms. Dysbiosis due to such infections could dramatically affect disease prognosis as well as development of chronic illness. The aim of this study was to analyze gut microbiome and clinical outcomes in young children suffering from viral or mixed viral-bacterial infection. We evaluated gut microbiota composition in children suffering from viral or mixed viral-bacterial infection with two major viruses rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) and two pathogenic bacteria [Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)]. We sequenced 16S ribosomal RNA (V4 region) genes using Illumina MiSeq in 70 hospitalized children suffering from gastroenteric infections plus nine healthy controls. The study summarized Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundances with the Bray-Curtis index and performed a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis to visualize microbiome similarities. We used a permutational multivariate analyses of variance to test the significance of group differences. We also analyzed the correlation between microbiome changes and clinical outcomes. Our data demonstrated a significant increase in the severity score in children with viral-bacterial mixed infections compared to those with virus infections alone. Statistical analysis by overall relative abundance denoted lesser proportions of Bacteroides in the infected children, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae richness was more prominent in the bacterial-viral mixed infections. Pairwise differences of gut microbiota were significantly higher in RV + EAEC (P = 0.009) and NoV + EAEC (P = 0.009) co-infections, compared to EPEC mixed infection with both, RV (P = 0.045) and NoV (P = 0.188). Shannon diversity index showed considerable more variation in microbiome diversity in children infected with RV cohort compared to NoV cohort. Our results highlight that richness of Bifidobacteriaceae, which acts as probiotics, increased with the severity of the viral-bacterial mixed infections. As expected, significant reduction of relative numbers of Bacteroides was characterized in both RV and NoV infections, with more reduction observed in co-infection pathogenic E. coli. Although mixed infection with EAEC resulted in significant microbiota differences compared to viral infection only or mixed infection with EPEC, the clinical condition of the children were worsened with both pathogenic E.coli co-infections. Further, in comparison with RV cohort, augmented number of differential abundant pathogenic OTUs were peculiarly noticed only with NoV mixed infection.
format	article
author	Shilu Mathew Maria K. Smatti Khalid Al Ansari Gheyath K. Nasrallah Asmaa A. Al Thani Hadi M. Yassine
author_facet	Shilu Mathew Maria K. Smatti Khalid Al Ansari Gheyath K. Nasrallah Asmaa A. Al Thani Hadi M. Yassine
author_sort	Shilu Mathew
title	Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children
title_short	Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children
title_full	Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children
title_fullStr	Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children
title_full_unstemmed	Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children
title_sort	mixed viral-bacterial infections and their effects on gut microbiota and clinical illnesses in children
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b3cd2578c9749948a760d1793b27bb7
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Mixed Viral-Bacterial Infections and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Illnesses in Children

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