Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of the autotaxin (ATX)–lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling axis on the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of HTM cells. Methods: The effects were characterized by transe...

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Autores principales:	Megumi Watanabe, Masato Furuhashi, Yuri Tsugeno, Yosuke Ida, Fumihito Hikage, Hiroshi Ohguro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	3D spheroid culture human trabecular meshwork (HTM) autotaxin lysophosphatidic acid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b6e601ba96243278ae17eab9824af7a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b6e601ba96243278ae17eab9824af7a2021-11-11T17:26:22ZAutotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells10.3390/ijms2221120391422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/0b6e601ba96243278ae17eab9824af7a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/12039https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Purpose: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of the autotaxin (ATX)–lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling axis on the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of HTM cells. Methods: The effects were characterized by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran permeability (2D), measurements of size and stiffness (3D), and the expression of several genes, including extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, their modulators, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors. Results: A one-day exposure to 200 nM LPA induced significant down-sizing effects of the 3D HTM spheroids, and these effects were enhanced slightly on longer exposure. The TEER and FITC-dextran permeability data indicate that LPA induced an increase in the barrier function of the 2D HTM monolayers. A one-day exposure to a 2 mg/L solution of ATX also resulted in a significant decrease in the sizes of the 3D HTM spheroids, and an increase in stiffness was also observed. The gene expression of several ECMs, their regulators and ER-stress related factors by the 3D HTM spheroids were altered by both ATX and LPA, but in different manners. Conclusions: The findings presented herein suggest that ATX may have additional roles in the human TM, in addition to the ATX–LPA signaling axis.Megumi WatanabeMasato FuruhashiYuri TsugenoYosuke IdaFumihito HikageHiroshi OhguroMDPI AGarticle3D spheroid culturehuman trabecular meshwork (HTM)autotaxinlysophosphatidic acidBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12039, p 12039 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	3D spheroid culture human trabecular meshwork (HTM) autotaxin lysophosphatidic acid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	3D spheroid culture human trabecular meshwork (HTM) autotaxin lysophosphatidic acid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Megumi Watanabe Masato Furuhashi Yuri Tsugeno Yosuke Ida Fumihito Hikage Hiroshi Ohguro Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells
description	Purpose: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of the autotaxin (ATX)–lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling axis on the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of HTM cells. Methods: The effects were characterized by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran permeability (2D), measurements of size and stiffness (3D), and the expression of several genes, including extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, their modulators, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors. Results: A one-day exposure to 200 nM LPA induced significant down-sizing effects of the 3D HTM spheroids, and these effects were enhanced slightly on longer exposure. The TEER and FITC-dextran permeability data indicate that LPA induced an increase in the barrier function of the 2D HTM monolayers. A one-day exposure to a 2 mg/L solution of ATX also resulted in a significant decrease in the sizes of the 3D HTM spheroids, and an increase in stiffness was also observed. The gene expression of several ECMs, their regulators and ER-stress related factors by the 3D HTM spheroids were altered by both ATX and LPA, but in different manners. Conclusions: The findings presented herein suggest that ATX may have additional roles in the human TM, in addition to the ATX–LPA signaling axis.
format	article
author	Megumi Watanabe Masato Furuhashi Yuri Tsugeno Yosuke Ida Fumihito Hikage Hiroshi Ohguro
author_facet	Megumi Watanabe Masato Furuhashi Yuri Tsugeno Yosuke Ida Fumihito Hikage Hiroshi Ohguro
author_sort	Megumi Watanabe
title	Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells
title_short	Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells
title_full	Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells
title_fullStr	Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells
title_sort	autotaxin may have lysophosphatidic acid-unrelated effects on three-dimension (3d) cultured human trabecular meshwork (htm) cells
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b6e601ba96243278ae17eab9824af7a
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Autotaxin May Have Lysophosphatidic Acid-Unrelated Effects on Three-Dimension (3D) Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork (HTM) Cells

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