Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.

We show, for the first time, that in cortical areas, for example the insular, orbitofrontal, and lateral prefrontal cortex, there is signal-dependent noise in the fMRI blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) time series, with the variance of the noise increasing approximately linearly with the square of...

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Autores principales:	Qiang Luo, Tian Ge, Fabian Grabenhorst, Jianfeng Feng, Edmund T Rolls
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b8d06428a0d450d92f0d02e90f6d2ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b8d06428a0d450d92f0d02e90f6d2ae2021-11-18T05:53:29ZAttention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1003265https://doaj.org/article/0b8d06428a0d450d92f0d02e90f6d2ae2013-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24204221/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358We show, for the first time, that in cortical areas, for example the insular, orbitofrontal, and lateral prefrontal cortex, there is signal-dependent noise in the fMRI blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) time series, with the variance of the noise increasing approximately linearly with the square of the signal. Classical Granger causal models are based on autoregressive models with time invariant covariance structure, and thus do not take this signal-dependent noise into account. To address this limitation, here we describe a Granger causal model with signal-dependent noise, and a novel, likelihood ratio test for causal inferences. We apply this approach to the data from an fMRI study to investigate the source of the top-down attentional control of taste intensity and taste pleasantness processing. The Granger causality with signal-dependent noise analysis reveals effects not identified by classical Granger causal analysis. In particular, there is a top-down effect from the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex to the insular taste cortex during attention to intensity but not to pleasantness, and there is a top-down effect from the anterior and posterior lateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex during attention to pleasantness but not to intensity. In addition, there is stronger forward effective connectivity from the insular taste cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex during attention to pleasantness than during attention to intensity. These findings indicate the importance of explicitly modeling signal-dependent noise in functional neuroimaging, and reveal some of the processes involved in a biased activation theory of selective attention.Qiang LuoTian GeFabian GrabenhorstJianfeng FengEdmund T RollsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e1003265 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Qiang Luo Tian Ge Fabian Grabenhorst Jianfeng Feng Edmund T Rolls Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.
description	We show, for the first time, that in cortical areas, for example the insular, orbitofrontal, and lateral prefrontal cortex, there is signal-dependent noise in the fMRI blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) time series, with the variance of the noise increasing approximately linearly with the square of the signal. Classical Granger causal models are based on autoregressive models with time invariant covariance structure, and thus do not take this signal-dependent noise into account. To address this limitation, here we describe a Granger causal model with signal-dependent noise, and a novel, likelihood ratio test for causal inferences. We apply this approach to the data from an fMRI study to investigate the source of the top-down attentional control of taste intensity and taste pleasantness processing. The Granger causality with signal-dependent noise analysis reveals effects not identified by classical Granger causal analysis. In particular, there is a top-down effect from the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex to the insular taste cortex during attention to intensity but not to pleasantness, and there is a top-down effect from the anterior and posterior lateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex during attention to pleasantness but not to intensity. In addition, there is stronger forward effective connectivity from the insular taste cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex during attention to pleasantness than during attention to intensity. These findings indicate the importance of explicitly modeling signal-dependent noise in functional neuroimaging, and reveal some of the processes involved in a biased activation theory of selective attention.
format	article
author	Qiang Luo Tian Ge Fabian Grabenhorst Jianfeng Feng Edmund T Rolls
author_facet	Qiang Luo Tian Ge Fabian Grabenhorst Jianfeng Feng Edmund T Rolls
author_sort	Qiang Luo
title	Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.
title_short	Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.
title_full	Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.
title_fullStr	Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.
title_full_unstemmed	Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.
title_sort	attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by granger causality with signal-dependent noise.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b8d06428a0d450d92f0d02e90f6d2ae
work_keys_str_mv	AT qiangluo attentiondependentmodulationofcorticaltastecircuitsrevealedbygrangercausalitywithsignaldependentnoise AT tiange attentiondependentmodulationofcorticaltastecircuitsrevealedbygrangercausalitywithsignaldependentnoise AT fabiangrabenhorst attentiondependentmodulationofcorticaltastecircuitsrevealedbygrangercausalitywithsignaldependentnoise AT jianfengfeng attentiondependentmodulationofcorticaltastecircuitsrevealedbygrangercausalitywithsignaldependentnoise AT edmundtrolls attentiondependentmodulationofcorticaltastecircuitsrevealedbygrangercausalitywithsignaldependentnoise
_version_	1718424647262797824

Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by Granger causality with signal-dependent noise.

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