Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage

Abstract Humans are the only species to have evolved cooperative care-giving as a strategy for disease control. A synthesis of evidence from the fossil record, paleogenomics, human ecology, and disease transmission models, suggests that care-giving for the diseased evolved as part of the unique suit...

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Autores principales:	Sharon E. Kessler, Tyler R. Bonnell, Joanna M. Setchell, Colin A. Chapman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Hominin Primary Structural Basis Community Size Effective Care Models Care-giving Skills Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b94e2fd0192479ea41615eb6d16caf0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b94e2fd0192479ea41615eb6d16caf02021-12-02T11:41:03ZSocial Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage10.1038/s41598-018-31568-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0b94e2fd0192479ea41615eb6d16caf02018-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31568-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Humans are the only species to have evolved cooperative care-giving as a strategy for disease control. A synthesis of evidence from the fossil record, paleogenomics, human ecology, and disease transmission models, suggests that care-giving for the diseased evolved as part of the unique suite of cognitive and socio-cultural specializations that are attributed to the genus Homo. Here we demonstrate that the evolution of hominin social structure enabled the evolution of care-giving for the diseased. Using agent-based modeling, we simulate the evolution of care-giving in hominin networks derived from a basal primate social system and the three leading hypotheses of ancestral human social organization, each of which would have had to deal with the elevated disease spread associated with care-giving. We show that (1) care-giving is an evolutionarily stable strategy in kin-based cooperatively breeding groups, (2) care-giving can become established in small, low density groups, similar to communities that existed before the increases in community size and density that are associated with the advent of agriculture in the Neolithic, and (3) once established, care-giving became a successful method of disease control across social systems, even as community sizes and densities increased. We conclude that care-giving enabled hominins to suppress disease spread as social complexity, and thus socially-transmitted disease risk, increased.Sharon E. KesslerTyler R. BonnellJoanna M. SetchellColin A. ChapmanNature PortfolioarticleHomininPrimary Structural BasisCommunity SizeEffective Care ModelsCare-giving SkillsMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Hominin Primary Structural Basis Community Size Effective Care Models Care-giving Skills Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Hominin Primary Structural Basis Community Size Effective Care Models Care-giving Skills Medicine R Science Q Sharon E. Kessler Tyler R. Bonnell Joanna M. Setchell Colin A. Chapman Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage
description	Abstract Humans are the only species to have evolved cooperative care-giving as a strategy for disease control. A synthesis of evidence from the fossil record, paleogenomics, human ecology, and disease transmission models, suggests that care-giving for the diseased evolved as part of the unique suite of cognitive and socio-cultural specializations that are attributed to the genus Homo. Here we demonstrate that the evolution of hominin social structure enabled the evolution of care-giving for the diseased. Using agent-based modeling, we simulate the evolution of care-giving in hominin networks derived from a basal primate social system and the three leading hypotheses of ancestral human social organization, each of which would have had to deal with the elevated disease spread associated with care-giving. We show that (1) care-giving is an evolutionarily stable strategy in kin-based cooperatively breeding groups, (2) care-giving can become established in small, low density groups, similar to communities that existed before the increases in community size and density that are associated with the advent of agriculture in the Neolithic, and (3) once established, care-giving became a successful method of disease control across social systems, even as community sizes and densities increased. We conclude that care-giving enabled hominins to suppress disease spread as social complexity, and thus socially-transmitted disease risk, increased.
format	article
author	Sharon E. Kessler Tyler R. Bonnell Joanna M. Setchell Colin A. Chapman
author_facet	Sharon E. Kessler Tyler R. Bonnell Joanna M. Setchell Colin A. Chapman
author_sort	Sharon E. Kessler
title	Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage
title_short	Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage
title_full	Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage
title_fullStr	Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage
title_full_unstemmed	Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage
title_sort	social structure facilitated the evolution of care-giving as a strategy for disease control in the human lineage
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b94e2fd0192479ea41615eb6d16caf0
work_keys_str_mv	AT sharonekessler socialstructurefacilitatedtheevolutionofcaregivingasastrategyfordiseasecontrolinthehumanlineage AT tylerrbonnell socialstructurefacilitatedtheevolutionofcaregivingasastrategyfordiseasecontrolinthehumanlineage AT joannamsetchell socialstructurefacilitatedtheevolutionofcaregivingasastrategyfordiseasecontrolinthehumanlineage AT colinachapman socialstructurefacilitatedtheevolutionofcaregivingasastrategyfordiseasecontrolinthehumanlineage
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Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage

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