Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Breastfeeding has the most profound impact on infant health and wellness, and also have significant implications for the mother. The duration of the breastfeeding determines the infant’s protection from malnutrition and other common infectious diseases; consequently, the World He...

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Autores principales:	Sidra Arif, Hina Khan, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Farooq
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Exclusive breastfeeding Pakistan Binary logistic regression analysis Survival analysis Demographic and social factors Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0b9cac8212b7493fbdd2bb02cf11b96f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0b9cac8212b7493fbdd2bb02cf11b96f2021-11-08T10:43:30ZFactors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study10.1186/s12889-021-12075-y1471-2458https://doaj.org/article/0b9cac8212b7493fbdd2bb02cf11b96f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12075-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458Abstract Background Breastfeeding has the most profound impact on infant health and wellness, and also have significant implications for the mother. The duration of the breastfeeding determines the infant’s protection from malnutrition and other common infectious diseases; consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) six months, followed by gradual weaning and breastfeeding until the baby is two years old. In Pakistan, the practice of breastfeeding is heavily dependent upon certain demographic, economic, social, and biological factors, which ultimately impact the quality of care provided to the infant and their health. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to measure the impact of these factors on the exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan. Methods The data for the study has been collected from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) for the year 2017–18. Binary logistic regression model and survival analysis are used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Results We use a binary logistic regression to estimate the effect of each factor on the duration of EBF. The binary logistic regression finds significant relationships between region, maternal education, wealth index, size of a child, watching television, delivery by cesarean, and maternal age and EBF. We then use log-likelihood, AIC, BIC criteria to determine if a parametric or non-parametric model would provide a better fit; based on these results we fit an Inverse Gaussian (Weibull) distribution for the survival analysis. These results show that there are more significant factors associated with EBF duration in parametric survival analysis than in the binary logistic regression results. Thus, the survival analysis is a better method for predicting the relationship between the duration of EBF and its factors. Furthermore, logically EBF is designated to be done for six months which would not be properly gauged with a binary response variable. Conclusions The results of this study provide proof that exclusive breastfeeding is a common practice among women in Pakistan, and to improve the quality of post-natal care, health policy in the country needs to focus on the existing demographic and social factors which are found significant in this study.Sidra ArifHina KhanMuhammad AslamMuhammad FarooqBMCarticleExclusive breastfeedingPakistanBinary logistic regression analysisSurvival analysisDemographic and social factorsPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENBMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Exclusive breastfeeding Pakistan Binary logistic regression analysis Survival analysis Demographic and social factors Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Exclusive breastfeeding Pakistan Binary logistic regression analysis Survival analysis Demographic and social factors Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Sidra Arif Hina Khan Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Farooq Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study
description	Abstract Background Breastfeeding has the most profound impact on infant health and wellness, and also have significant implications for the mother. The duration of the breastfeeding determines the infant’s protection from malnutrition and other common infectious diseases; consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) six months, followed by gradual weaning and breastfeeding until the baby is two years old. In Pakistan, the practice of breastfeeding is heavily dependent upon certain demographic, economic, social, and biological factors, which ultimately impact the quality of care provided to the infant and their health. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to measure the impact of these factors on the exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan. Methods The data for the study has been collected from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) for the year 2017–18. Binary logistic regression model and survival analysis are used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Results We use a binary logistic regression to estimate the effect of each factor on the duration of EBF. The binary logistic regression finds significant relationships between region, maternal education, wealth index, size of a child, watching television, delivery by cesarean, and maternal age and EBF. We then use log-likelihood, AIC, BIC criteria to determine if a parametric or non-parametric model would provide a better fit; based on these results we fit an Inverse Gaussian (Weibull) distribution for the survival analysis. These results show that there are more significant factors associated with EBF duration in parametric survival analysis than in the binary logistic regression results. Thus, the survival analysis is a better method for predicting the relationship between the duration of EBF and its factors. Furthermore, logically EBF is designated to be done for six months which would not be properly gauged with a binary response variable. Conclusions The results of this study provide proof that exclusive breastfeeding is a common practice among women in Pakistan, and to improve the quality of post-natal care, health policy in the country needs to focus on the existing demographic and social factors which are found significant in this study.
format	article
author	Sidra Arif Hina Khan Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Farooq
author_facet	Sidra Arif Hina Khan Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Farooq
author_sort	Sidra Arif
title	Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study
title_short	Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study
title_full	Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study
title_fullStr	Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed	Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study
title_sort	factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0b9cac8212b7493fbdd2bb02cf11b96f
work_keys_str_mv	AT sidraarif factorsinfluencingexclusivebreastfeedingdurationinpakistanapopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy AT hinakhan factorsinfluencingexclusivebreastfeedingdurationinpakistanapopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy AT muhammadaslam factorsinfluencingexclusivebreastfeedingdurationinpakistanapopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy AT muhammadfarooq factorsinfluencingexclusivebreastfeedingdurationinpakistanapopulationbasedcrosssectionalstudy
_version_	1718442680940232704

Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study

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