High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra

Abstract We employ high-throughput thermal-neutron tomographic imaging to visualise internal diagnostic features of dense fossiliferous breccia from three Pleistocene cave localities in Sumatra, Indonesia. We demonstrate that these seemingly homogeneous breccias are an excellent source of data to ai...

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Autores principales:	Holly E. Smith, Joseph J. Bevitt, Jahdi Zaim, Yan Rizal, Aswan, Mika Rizki Puspaningrum, Agus Trihascaryo, Gilbert J. Price, Gregory E. Webb, Julien Louys
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0bbd41119cc14d3787a5f00af75564a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0bbd41119cc14d3787a5f00af75564a82021-12-02T18:37:11ZHigh-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra10.1038/s41598-021-99290-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0bbd41119cc14d3787a5f00af75564a82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99290-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We employ high-throughput thermal-neutron tomographic imaging to visualise internal diagnostic features of dense fossiliferous breccia from three Pleistocene cave localities in Sumatra, Indonesia. We demonstrate that these seemingly homogeneous breccias are an excellent source of data to aid in determining taphonomic and depositional histories of complex depositional sites such as tropical caves. X-ray Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging is gaining importance amongst palaeontologists as a non-destructive approach to studying fossil remains. Traditional methods of fossil preparation risk damage to the specimen and may destroy contextual evidence in the surrounding matrix. CT imaging can reveal the internal composition and structure of fossils contained within consolidated sediment/rock matrices prior to any destructive mechanical or chemical preparation. Neutron computed tomography (NCT) provides an alternative contrast to X-rays, and in some circumstances, is capable of discerning denser matrices impenetrable to or yielding no contrast with CT imaging. High-throughput neutron imaging reduces neutron fluence during scanning which means there is less residual neutron-induced radioactivation in geological samples; allowing for earlier subsequent analyses. However, this approach remains unutilised in palaeontology, archaeology or geological surveys. Results suggest that the primary agents in the formation of the breccias and concentration of incorporated vertebrate remains are several rapid depositional phases of water and sediment gravity flow. This study highlights the potential for future analyses of breccia deposits in palaeontological studies in caves around the world.Holly E. SmithJoseph J. BevittJahdi ZaimYan RizalAswanMika Rizki PuspaningrumAgus TrihascaryoGilbert J. PriceGregory E. WebbJulien LouysNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Holly E. Smith Joseph J. Bevitt Jahdi Zaim Yan Rizal Aswan Mika Rizki Puspaningrum Agus Trihascaryo Gilbert J. Price Gregory E. Webb Julien Louys High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra
description	Abstract We employ high-throughput thermal-neutron tomographic imaging to visualise internal diagnostic features of dense fossiliferous breccia from three Pleistocene cave localities in Sumatra, Indonesia. We demonstrate that these seemingly homogeneous breccias are an excellent source of data to aid in determining taphonomic and depositional histories of complex depositional sites such as tropical caves. X-ray Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging is gaining importance amongst palaeontologists as a non-destructive approach to studying fossil remains. Traditional methods of fossil preparation risk damage to the specimen and may destroy contextual evidence in the surrounding matrix. CT imaging can reveal the internal composition and structure of fossils contained within consolidated sediment/rock matrices prior to any destructive mechanical or chemical preparation. Neutron computed tomography (NCT) provides an alternative contrast to X-rays, and in some circumstances, is capable of discerning denser matrices impenetrable to or yielding no contrast with CT imaging. High-throughput neutron imaging reduces neutron fluence during scanning which means there is less residual neutron-induced radioactivation in geological samples; allowing for earlier subsequent analyses. However, this approach remains unutilised in palaeontology, archaeology or geological surveys. Results suggest that the primary agents in the formation of the breccias and concentration of incorporated vertebrate remains are several rapid depositional phases of water and sediment gravity flow. This study highlights the potential for future analyses of breccia deposits in palaeontological studies in caves around the world.
format	article
author	Holly E. Smith Joseph J. Bevitt Jahdi Zaim Yan Rizal Aswan Mika Rizki Puspaningrum Agus Trihascaryo Gilbert J. Price Gregory E. Webb Julien Louys
author_facet	Holly E. Smith Joseph J. Bevitt Jahdi Zaim Yan Rizal Aswan Mika Rizki Puspaningrum Agus Trihascaryo Gilbert J. Price Gregory E. Webb Julien Louys
author_sort	Holly E. Smith
title	High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra
title_short	High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra
title_full	High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra
title_fullStr	High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra
title_full_unstemmed	High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra
title_sort	high-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from sumatra
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0bbd41119cc14d3787a5f00af75564a8
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High-resolution high-throughput thermal neutron tomographic imaging of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra

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