Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier

Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) enables simple identification and localization of a plethora of refractive and reflective events on a fiber link, including splices, connectors and breaks, and measuring insertion/return loss. Specifically, large enough OTDR dynamic range (DR) and thus high s...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Adriana Lipovac, Vlatko Lipovac, Mirza Hamza, Vedran Batoš
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	OTDR BER floor dynamic range optical amplifier Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0bcad4a33ad644eabec4292b8b75c690
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:0bcad4a33ad644eabec4292b8b75c690
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0bcad4a33ad644eabec4292b8b75c6902021-11-11T19:15:18ZOptical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier10.3390/s212173031424-8220https://doaj.org/article/0bcad4a33ad644eabec4292b8b75c6902021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7303https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) enables simple identification and localization of a plethora of refractive and reflective events on a fiber link, including splices, connectors and breaks, and measuring insertion/return loss. Specifically, large enough OTDR dynamic range (DR) and thus high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) enable clear far-end visibility of longer fibers. We point out here that, under such conditions, the optical bit-error-rate (BER) floor is dominantly determined by reflective events that introduce significant return loss. This complements the OTDR legacy tests by appropriate optical BER floor estimation in the field. As high SNR implies inter-symbol interference as dominating error generating mechanism, we could apply the classical time-dispersion channel model for the optical BER floor determined by the root-mean-square (rms) delay spread of the actual fiber channel power-delay profile. However, as the high-SNR condition is not always fulfilled mostly due to insufficient DR, we propose here inserting a low-noise optical preamplifier as the OTDR front-end to reduce noise floor and amplify the backscattered signal. In order to verify the model for the exemplar test situation, we measured BER on the same fiber link to find very good matching between the measured BER floor values and the ones predicted from the OTDR trace.Adriana LipovacVlatko LipovacMirza HamzaVedran BatošMDPI AGarticleOTDRBER floordynamic rangeoptical amplifierChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7303, p 7303 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	OTDR BER floor dynamic range optical amplifier Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	OTDR BER floor dynamic range optical amplifier Chemical technology TP1-1185 Adriana Lipovac Vlatko Lipovac Mirza Hamza Vedran Batoš Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier
description	Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) enables simple identification and localization of a plethora of refractive and reflective events on a fiber link, including splices, connectors and breaks, and measuring insertion/return loss. Specifically, large enough OTDR dynamic range (DR) and thus high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) enable clear far-end visibility of longer fibers. We point out here that, under such conditions, the optical bit-error-rate (BER) floor is dominantly determined by reflective events that introduce significant return loss. This complements the OTDR legacy tests by appropriate optical BER floor estimation in the field. As high SNR implies inter-symbol interference as dominating error generating mechanism, we could apply the classical time-dispersion channel model for the optical BER floor determined by the root-mean-square (rms) delay spread of the actual fiber channel power-delay profile. However, as the high-SNR condition is not always fulfilled mostly due to insufficient DR, we propose here inserting a low-noise optical preamplifier as the OTDR front-end to reduce noise floor and amplify the backscattered signal. In order to verify the model for the exemplar test situation, we measured BER on the same fiber link to find very good matching between the measured BER floor values and the ones predicted from the OTDR trace.
format	article
author	Adriana Lipovac Vlatko Lipovac Mirza Hamza Vedran Batoš
author_facet	Adriana Lipovac Vlatko Lipovac Mirza Hamza Vedran Batoš
author_sort	Adriana Lipovac
title	Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier
title_short	Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier
title_full	Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier
title_fullStr	Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier
title_full_unstemmed	Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier
title_sort	optical ofdm error floor estimation by means of otdr enhanced by front-end optical preamplifier
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0bcad4a33ad644eabec4292b8b75c690
work_keys_str_mv	AT adrianalipovac opticalofdmerrorfloorestimationbymeansofotdrenhancedbyfrontendopticalpreamplifier AT vlatkolipovac opticalofdmerrorfloorestimationbymeansofotdrenhancedbyfrontendopticalpreamplifier AT mirzahamza opticalofdmerrorfloorestimationbymeansofotdrenhancedbyfrontendopticalpreamplifier AT vedranbatos opticalofdmerrorfloorestimationbymeansofotdrenhancedbyfrontendopticalpreamplifier
_version_	1718431567331721216

Optical OFDM Error Floor Estimation by Means of OTDR Enhanced by Front-End Optical Preamplifier

Ejemplares similares