Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.

<h4>Background</h4>White Syndrome (WS), a general term for scleractinian coral diseases with acute signs of advancing tissue lesions often resulting in total colony mortality, has been reported from numerous locations throughout the Indo-Pacific, constituting a growing threat to coral re...

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Autores principales:	Meir Sussman, Bette L Willis, Steven Victor, David G Bourne
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0c10ea3ace9f4a259c5655ae02ffc96b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0c10ea3ace9f4a259c5655ae02ffc96b2021-11-25T06:11:58ZCoral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0002393https://doaj.org/article/0c10ea3ace9f4a259c5655ae02ffc96b2008-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18560584/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>White Syndrome (WS), a general term for scleractinian coral diseases with acute signs of advancing tissue lesions often resulting in total colony mortality, has been reported from numerous locations throughout the Indo-Pacific, constituting a growing threat to coral reef ecosystems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Bacterial isolates were obtained from corals displaying disease signs at three ws outbreak sites: Nikko Bay in the Republic of Palau, Nelly Bay in the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Majuro Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and used in laboratory-based infection trials to satisfy Henle-Koch's postulates, Evan's rules and Hill's criteria for establishing causality. Infected colonies produced similar signs to those observed in the field following exposure to bacterial concentrations of 1x10(6) cells ml(-1). Phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene analysis demonstrated that all six pathogens identified in this study were members of the gamma-Proteobacteria family Vibrionacae, each with greater than 98% sequence identity with the previously characterized coral bleaching pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Screening for proteolytic activity of more than 150 coral derived bacterial isolates by a biochemical assay and specific primers for a Vibrio family zinc-metalloprotease demonstrated a significant association between the presence of isolates capable of proteolytic activity and observed disease signs.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>This is the first study to provide evidence for the involvement of a unique taxonomic group of bacterial pathogens in the aetiology of Indo-Pacific coral diseases affecting multiple coral species at multiple locations. Results from this study strongly suggest the need for further investigation of bacterial proteolytic enzymes as possible virulence factors involved in Vibrio associated acute coral infections.Meir SussmanBette L WillisSteven VictorDavid G BournePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 6, p e2393 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Meir Sussman Bette L Willis Steven Victor David G Bourne Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.
description	<h4>Background</h4>White Syndrome (WS), a general term for scleractinian coral diseases with acute signs of advancing tissue lesions often resulting in total colony mortality, has been reported from numerous locations throughout the Indo-Pacific, constituting a growing threat to coral reef ecosystems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Bacterial isolates were obtained from corals displaying disease signs at three ws outbreak sites: Nikko Bay in the Republic of Palau, Nelly Bay in the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Majuro Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and used in laboratory-based infection trials to satisfy Henle-Koch's postulates, Evan's rules and Hill's criteria for establishing causality. Infected colonies produced similar signs to those observed in the field following exposure to bacterial concentrations of 1x10(6) cells ml(-1). Phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene analysis demonstrated that all six pathogens identified in this study were members of the gamma-Proteobacteria family Vibrionacae, each with greater than 98% sequence identity with the previously characterized coral bleaching pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Screening for proteolytic activity of more than 150 coral derived bacterial isolates by a biochemical assay and specific primers for a Vibrio family zinc-metalloprotease demonstrated a significant association between the presence of isolates capable of proteolytic activity and observed disease signs.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>This is the first study to provide evidence for the involvement of a unique taxonomic group of bacterial pathogens in the aetiology of Indo-Pacific coral diseases affecting multiple coral species at multiple locations. Results from this study strongly suggest the need for further investigation of bacterial proteolytic enzymes as possible virulence factors involved in Vibrio associated acute coral infections.
format	article
author	Meir Sussman Bette L Willis Steven Victor David G Bourne
author_facet	Meir Sussman Bette L Willis Steven Victor David G Bourne
author_sort	Meir Sussman
title	Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.
title_short	Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.
title_full	Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.
title_fullStr	Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.
title_full_unstemmed	Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.
title_sort	coral pathogens identified for white syndrome (ws) epizootics in the indo-pacific.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/0c10ea3ace9f4a259c5655ae02ffc96b
work_keys_str_mv	AT meirsussman coralpathogensidentifiedforwhitesyndromewsepizooticsintheindopacific AT bettelwillis coralpathogensidentifiedforwhitesyndromewsepizooticsintheindopacific AT stevenvictor coralpathogensidentifiedforwhitesyndromewsepizooticsintheindopacific AT davidgbourne coralpathogensidentifiedforwhitesyndromewsepizooticsintheindopacific
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Coral pathogens identified for White Syndrome (WS) epizootics in the Indo-Pacific.

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