Eucalyptus gunnii and Eucalyptus pulverulenta ‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides

The phytotoxicity and eco-compatibility of essential oils (EOs) from Eucalyptus gunnii (EG) and E. pulverulenta ‘Baby Blue’ (EP), cultivated in Italy for their cut foliage, were investigated. Leaf micromorphology, EOs phytochemical characterization, and phytotox...

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Autores principales:	Cristina Danna, Laura Cornara, Antonella Smeriglio, Domenico Trombetta, Giuseppe Amato, Pierluca Aicardi, Laura De Martino, Vincenzo De Feo, Lucia Caputo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Eucalyptus</i> oil cavities micromorphology essential oils natural herbicides phytotoxicity Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0c36e7c2729f44fda563c9ed62725ada
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0c36e7c2729f44fda563c9ed62725ada2021-11-11T18:40:42Z<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides10.3390/molecules262167491420-3049https://doaj.org/article/0c36e7c2729f44fda563c9ed62725ada2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6749https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049The phytotoxicity and eco-compatibility of essential oils (EOs) from <i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> (EG) and <i>E. pulverulenta</i> ‘Baby Blue’ (EP), cultivated in Italy for their cut foliage, were investigated. Leaf micromorphology, EOs phytochemical characterization, and phytotoxicity were analysed. EP revealed a significantly higher oil gland density and a higher EO yield with respect to EG. In both EOs, 1,8-cineole was the major compound (~75%), followed by α-pinene in EG (13.1%) and eugenol in EP (7.5%). EO phytotoxicity was tested on both weeds (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>, <i>Portulaca oleracea</i>) and crops (<i>Raphanus sativus</i>, <i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Lepidium sativum</i>, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>, <i>Pisum sativum, Cucumis sativus</i>). EG EO inhibited germination of <i>P. oleracea</i>, <i>R. sativus</i>, and <i>S. lycopersicum</i> seeds (ranging from 61.5 to 94.6% for the higher dose used), while affecting only radical elongation in <i>S. lycopersicum</i> (ranging from 66.7 to 82.6%). EP EO inhibited germination of <i>P. oleracea</i> and <i>R. sativus</i> (ranging from 41.3 to 74.7%) and affected radical elongation of <i>L. sativum</i> and <i>L. multiflorum</i> (ranging from 57.4 to 76.0%). None of the EOs affected the germination and radical growing of <i>L. sativa</i>, <i>P. sativum</i>, and <i>C. sativus</i>. Moreover, EP EO was more active than EG EO in inhibiting α-amylase, a key enzyme for seed growth regulation. Brine shrimp lethality assay showed that both EOs are safe for aquatic organisms, suggesting their high eco-compatibility. The data collected provide useful information for future applications of these EOs in agriculture as safe and selective bioherbicides.Cristina DannaLaura CornaraAntonella SmeriglioDomenico TrombettaGiuseppe AmatoPierluca AicardiLaura De MartinoVincenzo De FeoLucia CaputoMDPI AGarticle<i>Eucalyptus</i>oil cavitiesmicromorphologyessential oilsnatural herbicidesphytotoxicityOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6749, p 6749 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Eucalyptus</i> oil cavities micromorphology essential oils natural herbicides phytotoxicity Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	<i>Eucalyptus</i> oil cavities micromorphology essential oils natural herbicides phytotoxicity Organic chemistry QD241-441 Cristina Danna Laura Cornara Antonella Smeriglio Domenico Trombetta Giuseppe Amato Pierluca Aicardi Laura De Martino Vincenzo De Feo Lucia Caputo <i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides
description	The phytotoxicity and eco-compatibility of essential oils (EOs) from <i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> (EG) and <i>E. pulverulenta</i> ‘Baby Blue’ (EP), cultivated in Italy for their cut foliage, were investigated. Leaf micromorphology, EOs phytochemical characterization, and phytotoxicity were analysed. EP revealed a significantly higher oil gland density and a higher EO yield with respect to EG. In both EOs, 1,8-cineole was the major compound (~75%), followed by α-pinene in EG (13.1%) and eugenol in EP (7.5%). EO phytotoxicity was tested on both weeds (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>, <i>Portulaca oleracea</i>) and crops (<i>Raphanus sativus</i>, <i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Lepidium sativum</i>, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>, <i>Pisum sativum, Cucumis sativus</i>). EG EO inhibited germination of <i>P. oleracea</i>, <i>R. sativus</i>, and <i>S. lycopersicum</i> seeds (ranging from 61.5 to 94.6% for the higher dose used), while affecting only radical elongation in <i>S. lycopersicum</i> (ranging from 66.7 to 82.6%). EP EO inhibited germination of <i>P. oleracea</i> and <i>R. sativus</i> (ranging from 41.3 to 74.7%) and affected radical elongation of <i>L. sativum</i> and <i>L. multiflorum</i> (ranging from 57.4 to 76.0%). None of the EOs affected the germination and radical growing of <i>L. sativa</i>, <i>P. sativum</i>, and <i>C. sativus</i>. Moreover, EP EO was more active than EG EO in inhibiting α-amylase, a key enzyme for seed growth regulation. Brine shrimp lethality assay showed that both EOs are safe for aquatic organisms, suggesting their high eco-compatibility. The data collected provide useful information for future applications of these EOs in agriculture as safe and selective bioherbicides.
format	article
author	Cristina Danna Laura Cornara Antonella Smeriglio Domenico Trombetta Giuseppe Amato Pierluca Aicardi Laura De Martino Vincenzo De Feo Lucia Caputo
author_facet	Cristina Danna Laura Cornara Antonella Smeriglio Domenico Trombetta Giuseppe Amato Pierluca Aicardi Laura De Martino Vincenzo De Feo Lucia Caputo
author_sort	Cristina Danna
title	<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides
title_short	<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides
title_full	<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides
title_fullStr	<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides
title_sort	<i>eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘baby blue’ essential oils as potential natural herbicides
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0c36e7c2729f44fda563c9ed62725ada
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<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i> and <i>Eucalyptus pulverulenta </i>‘Baby Blue’ Essential Oils as Potential Natural Herbicides

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