Volatiles Emission by Crotalaria nitens after Insect Attack

Plants are known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds upon the damage of phytophagous insects. However, very little is known about the composition and temporal dynamics of volatiles released by wild plants of the genus Crotalaria (Fabaceae) attacked with the spec...

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Autores principales:	Fausto Prada, Elena E. Stashenko, Jairo René Martínez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	aldoximes <i>Crotalaria nitens</i> herbivore-induced plant volatiles purge &amp trap solid-phase microextraction Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0c78b34d583d434d8f16b1624d277818
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0c78b34d583d434d8f16b1624d2778182021-11-25T18:28:37ZVolatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack10.3390/molecules262269411420-3049https://doaj.org/article/0c78b34d583d434d8f16b1624d2778182021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6941https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Plants are known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds upon the damage of phytophagous insects. However, very little is known about the composition and temporal dynamics of volatiles released by wild plants of the genus <i>Crotalaria</i> (Fabaceae) attacked with the specialist lepidopteran caterpillar <i>Utetheisa ornatrix</i> (Linnaeus) (Erebidae). In this work, the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emitted by <i>Crotalaria nitens</i> Kunth plants were isolated with solid phase micro-extraction and the conventional purge and trap technique, and their identification was carried out by GC/MS. The poly-dimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber showed higher affinity for the extraction of apolar compounds (e.g., <i>trans</i>-β-caryophyllene) compared to the Porapak™-Q adsorbent from the purge & trap method that extracted more polar compounds (e.g., <i>trans</i>-nerolidol and indole). The compounds emitted by <i>C. nitens</i> were mainly green leaf volatile substances, terpenoids, aromatics, and aldoximes (isobutyraldoxime and 2-methylbutyraldoxime), whose maximum emission was six hours after the attack. The attack by caterpillars significantly increased the volatile compounds emission in the <i>C. nitens</i> leaves compared to those subjected to mechanical damage. This result indicated that the <i>U. ornatrix</i> caterpillar is responsible for generating a specific response in <i>C. nitens</i> plants. It was demonstrated that HIPVs repelled conspecific moths from attacked plants and favored oviposition in those without damage. The results showed the importance of volatiles in plant–insect interactions, as well as the choice of appropriate extraction and analytical methods for their study.Fausto PradaElena E. StashenkoJairo René MartínezMDPI AGarticlealdoximes<i>Crotalaria nitens</i>herbivore-induced plant volatilespurge &amptrapsolid-phase microextractionOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6941, p 6941 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aldoximes <i>Crotalaria nitens</i> herbivore-induced plant volatiles purge &amp trap solid-phase microextraction Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	aldoximes <i>Crotalaria nitens</i> herbivore-induced plant volatiles purge &amp trap solid-phase microextraction Organic chemistry QD241-441 Fausto Prada Elena E. Stashenko Jairo René Martínez Volatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack
description	Plants are known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds upon the damage of phytophagous insects. However, very little is known about the composition and temporal dynamics of volatiles released by wild plants of the genus <i>Crotalaria</i> (Fabaceae) attacked with the specialist lepidopteran caterpillar <i>Utetheisa ornatrix</i> (Linnaeus) (Erebidae). In this work, the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emitted by <i>Crotalaria nitens</i> Kunth plants were isolated with solid phase micro-extraction and the conventional purge and trap technique, and their identification was carried out by GC/MS. The poly-dimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber showed higher affinity for the extraction of apolar compounds (e.g., <i>trans</i>-β-caryophyllene) compared to the Porapak™-Q adsorbent from the purge & trap method that extracted more polar compounds (e.g., <i>trans</i>-nerolidol and indole). The compounds emitted by <i>C. nitens</i> were mainly green leaf volatile substances, terpenoids, aromatics, and aldoximes (isobutyraldoxime and 2-methylbutyraldoxime), whose maximum emission was six hours after the attack. The attack by caterpillars significantly increased the volatile compounds emission in the <i>C. nitens</i> leaves compared to those subjected to mechanical damage. This result indicated that the <i>U. ornatrix</i> caterpillar is responsible for generating a specific response in <i>C. nitens</i> plants. It was demonstrated that HIPVs repelled conspecific moths from attacked plants and favored oviposition in those without damage. The results showed the importance of volatiles in plant–insect interactions, as well as the choice of appropriate extraction and analytical methods for their study.
format	article
author	Fausto Prada Elena E. Stashenko Jairo René Martínez
author_facet	Fausto Prada Elena E. Stashenko Jairo René Martínez
author_sort	Fausto Prada
title	Volatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack
title_short	Volatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack
title_full	Volatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack
title_fullStr	Volatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack
title_full_unstemmed	Volatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack
title_sort	volatiles emission by <i>crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after insect attack
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0c78b34d583d434d8f16b1624d277818
work_keys_str_mv	AT faustoprada volatilesemissionbyicrotalariaiinitensiafterinsectattack AT elenaestashenko volatilesemissionbyicrotalariaiinitensiafterinsectattack AT jairorenemartinez volatilesemissionbyicrotalariaiinitensiafterinsectattack
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Volatiles Emission by <i>Crotalaria</i> <i>nitens</i> after Insect Attack

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