The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance

ABSTRACT Human exploitation and destruction of tropical resources are currently threatening innumerable wild animal species, altering natural ecosystems and thus, food resources, with profound effects on gut microbiota. Given their conservation status and the importance to tropical ecosystems, wild...

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Autores principales:	Claudia Barelli, Davide Albanese, Rebecca M. Stumpf, Abigail Asangba, Claudio Donati, Francesco Rovero, Heidi C. Hauffe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Tanzania Udzungwa bacteria conservation fungi gut microbiota Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0c82d8b8929d4b5893229b7beaa9f973
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0c82d8b8929d4b5893229b7beaa9f9732021-12-02T19:46:20ZThe Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance10.1128/mSystems.00061-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/0c82d8b8929d4b5893229b7beaa9f9732020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00061-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Human exploitation and destruction of tropical resources are currently threatening innumerable wild animal species, altering natural ecosystems and thus, food resources, with profound effects on gut microbiota. Given their conservation status and the importance to tropical ecosystems, wild nonhuman primates make excellent models to investigate the effect of human disturbance on the diversity of host-associated microbiota. Previous investigations have revealed a loss of fecal bacterial diversity in primates living in degraded compared to intact forests. However, these data are available for a limited number of species, and very limited information is available on the fungal taxa hosted by the gut. Here, we estimated the diversity and composition of gut bacterial and fungal communities in two primates living sympatrically in both human-modified and pristine forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Noninvasively collected fecal samples of 12 groups of the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) (n = 89), a native and endangered primate (arboreal and predominantly leaf-eating), and five groups of the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) (n = 69), a common species of least concern (ground-feeding and omnivorous), were analyzed by the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene (bacterial) and ITS1-ITS2 (fungal) sequencing. Gut bacterial diversities were associated with habitat in both species, most likely depending on their ecological niches and associated digestive physiology, dietary strategies, and locomotor behavior. In addition, fungal communities also show distinctive traits across hosts and habitat type, highlighting the importance of investigating this relatively unexplored gut component. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota diversity has become the subject of extensive research in human and nonhuman animals, linking diversity and composition to gut function and host health. Because wild primates are good indicators of tropical ecosystem health, we developed the idea that they are a suitable model to observe the consequences of advancing global change (e.g., habitat degradation) on gut microbiota. So far, most of the studies focus mainly on gut bacteria; however, they are not the only component of the gut: fungi also serve essential functions in gut homeostasis. Here, for the first time, we explore and measure diversity and composition of both bacterial and fungal microbiota components of two tropical primate species living in highly different habitat types (intact versus degraded forests). Results on their microbiota diversity and composition are discussed in light of conservation issues and potential applications.Claudia BarelliDavide AlbaneseRebecca M. StumpfAbigail AsangbaClaudio DonatiFrancesco RoveroHeidi C. HauffeAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleTanzaniaUdzungwabacteriaconservationfungigut microbiotaMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 5, Iss 3 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Tanzania Udzungwa bacteria conservation fungi gut microbiota Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Tanzania Udzungwa bacteria conservation fungi gut microbiota Microbiology QR1-502 Claudia Barelli Davide Albanese Rebecca M. Stumpf Abigail Asangba Claudio Donati Francesco Rovero Heidi C. Hauffe The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance
description	ABSTRACT Human exploitation and destruction of tropical resources are currently threatening innumerable wild animal species, altering natural ecosystems and thus, food resources, with profound effects on gut microbiota. Given their conservation status and the importance to tropical ecosystems, wild nonhuman primates make excellent models to investigate the effect of human disturbance on the diversity of host-associated microbiota. Previous investigations have revealed a loss of fecal bacterial diversity in primates living in degraded compared to intact forests. However, these data are available for a limited number of species, and very limited information is available on the fungal taxa hosted by the gut. Here, we estimated the diversity and composition of gut bacterial and fungal communities in two primates living sympatrically in both human-modified and pristine forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Noninvasively collected fecal samples of 12 groups of the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) (n = 89), a native and endangered primate (arboreal and predominantly leaf-eating), and five groups of the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) (n = 69), a common species of least concern (ground-feeding and omnivorous), were analyzed by the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene (bacterial) and ITS1-ITS2 (fungal) sequencing. Gut bacterial diversities were associated with habitat in both species, most likely depending on their ecological niches and associated digestive physiology, dietary strategies, and locomotor behavior. In addition, fungal communities also show distinctive traits across hosts and habitat type, highlighting the importance of investigating this relatively unexplored gut component. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota diversity has become the subject of extensive research in human and nonhuman animals, linking diversity and composition to gut function and host health. Because wild primates are good indicators of tropical ecosystem health, we developed the idea that they are a suitable model to observe the consequences of advancing global change (e.g., habitat degradation) on gut microbiota. So far, most of the studies focus mainly on gut bacteria; however, they are not the only component of the gut: fungi also serve essential functions in gut homeostasis. Here, for the first time, we explore and measure diversity and composition of both bacterial and fungal microbiota components of two tropical primate species living in highly different habitat types (intact versus degraded forests). Results on their microbiota diversity and composition are discussed in light of conservation issues and potential applications.
format	article
author	Claudia Barelli Davide Albanese Rebecca M. Stumpf Abigail Asangba Claudio Donati Francesco Rovero Heidi C. Hauffe
author_facet	Claudia Barelli Davide Albanese Rebecca M. Stumpf Abigail Asangba Claudio Donati Francesco Rovero Heidi C. Hauffe
author_sort	Claudia Barelli
title	The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance
title_short	The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance
title_full	The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance
title_fullStr	The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance
title_full_unstemmed	The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance
title_sort	gut microbiota communities of wild arboreal and ground-feeding tropical primates are affected differently by habitat disturbance
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/0c82d8b8929d4b5893229b7beaa9f973
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The Gut Microbiota Communities of Wild Arboreal and Ground-Feeding Tropical Primates Are Affected Differently by Habitat Disturbance

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