Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures

Karmani Murugan, Yahya E Choonara, Pradeep Kumar, Divya Bijukumar, Lisa C du Toit, Viness Pillay Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, S...

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Autores principales:	Murugan K, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Bijukumar D, du Toit LC, Pillay V
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0c82f977c77945fc8369d3f0397ad179
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0c82f977c77945fc8369d3f0397ad1792021-12-02T07:13:42ZParameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/0c82f977c77945fc8369d3f0397ad1792015-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/parameters-and-characteristics-governing-cellular-internalization-and--peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013 Karmani Murugan, Yahya E Choonara, Pradeep Kumar, Divya Bijukumar, Lisa C du Toit, Viness Pillay Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Abstract: Cellular internalization and trans-barrier transport of nanoparticles can be manipulated on the basis of the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles. Research has shown that these factors significantly influence the uptake of nanoparticles. Dictating these characteristics allows for the control of the rate and extent of cellular uptake, as well as delivering the drug-loaded nanosystem intra-cellularly, which is imperative for drugs that require a specific cellular level to exert their effects. Additionally, physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles should be optimal for the nanosystem to bypass the natural restricting phenomena of the body and act therapeutically at the targeted site. The factors at the focal point of emerging smart nanomedicines include nanoparticle size, surface charge, shape, hydrophobicity, surface chemistry, and even protein and ligand conjugates. Hence, this review discusses the mechanism of internalization of nanoparticles and ideal nanoparticle characteristics that allow them to evade the biological barriers in order to achieve optimal cellular uptake in different organ systems. Identifying these parameters assists with the progression of nanomedicine as an outstanding vector of pharmaceuticals. Keywords: nanoparticles, transport mechanisms, cellular uptake, size, shape, chargeMurugan KChoonara YEKumar PBijukumar Ddu Toit LCPillay VDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 2191-2206 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Murugan K Choonara YE Kumar P Bijukumar D du Toit LC Pillay V Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures
description	Karmani Murugan, Yahya E Choonara, Pradeep Kumar, Divya Bijukumar, Lisa C du Toit, Viness Pillay Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Abstract: Cellular internalization and trans-barrier transport of nanoparticles can be manipulated on the basis of the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of nanoparticles. Research has shown that these factors significantly influence the uptake of nanoparticles. Dictating these characteristics allows for the control of the rate and extent of cellular uptake, as well as delivering the drug-loaded nanosystem intra-cellularly, which is imperative for drugs that require a specific cellular level to exert their effects. Additionally, physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles should be optimal for the nanosystem to bypass the natural restricting phenomena of the body and act therapeutically at the targeted site. The factors at the focal point of emerging smart nanomedicines include nanoparticle size, surface charge, shape, hydrophobicity, surface chemistry, and even protein and ligand conjugates. Hence, this review discusses the mechanism of internalization of nanoparticles and ideal nanoparticle characteristics that allow them to evade the biological barriers in order to achieve optimal cellular uptake in different organ systems. Identifying these parameters assists with the progression of nanomedicine as an outstanding vector of pharmaceuticals. Keywords: nanoparticles, transport mechanisms, cellular uptake, size, shape, charge
format	article
author	Murugan K Choonara YE Kumar P Bijukumar D du Toit LC Pillay V
author_facet	Murugan K Choonara YE Kumar P Bijukumar D du Toit LC Pillay V
author_sort	Murugan K
title	Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures
title_short	Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures
title_full	Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures
title_fullStr	Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures
title_full_unstemmed	Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures
title_sort	parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of nanostructures
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/0c82f977c77945fc8369d3f0397ad179
work_keys_str_mv	AT murugank parametersandcharacteristicsgoverningcellularinternalizationandtransbarriertraffickingofnbspnanostructures AT choonaraye parametersandcharacteristicsgoverningcellularinternalizationandtransbarriertraffickingofnbspnanostructures AT kumarp parametersandcharacteristicsgoverningcellularinternalizationandtransbarriertraffickingofnbspnanostructures AT bijukumard parametersandcharacteristicsgoverningcellularinternalizationandtransbarriertraffickingofnbspnanostructures AT dutoitlc parametersandcharacteristicsgoverningcellularinternalizationandtransbarriertraffickingofnbspnanostructures AT pillayv parametersandcharacteristicsgoverningcellularinternalizationandtransbarriertraffickingofnbspnanostructures
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Parameters and characteristics governing cellular internalization and trans-barrier trafficking of&nbsp;nanostructures

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