Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.

<h4>Background</h4>Adverse lifestyle factors have been associated with increased mortality, but data are lacking on their combined effect in developing populations, which we address in the present study.<h4>Methods</h4>In a death registry-based, case-control study among Hong...

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Autores principales:	G Neil Thomas, Man Ping Wang, Sai Yin Ho, Kwok Hang Mak, Kar Keung Cheng, Tai Hing Lam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0c95fee59ef44c4983175f8dd67549c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0c95fee59ef44c4983175f8dd67549c02021-11-18T08:30:53ZAdverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0089650https://doaj.org/article/0c95fee59ef44c4983175f8dd67549c02014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24586936/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Adverse lifestyle factors have been associated with increased mortality, but data are lacking on their combined effect in developing populations, which we address in the present study.<h4>Methods</h4>In a death registry-based, case-control study among Hong Kong Chinese aged 30+y, proxy-reported lifestyle factors 10 y ago were collected for 21,363 cases (81% of all deaths) and 12,048 living controls. Risks associated with poor diet, inactivity, heavy alcohol intake, and smoking for all-cause and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for potential confounders, were determined, and excess deaths for the Chinese population were calculated.<h4>Results</h4>Adjusted odds ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.15 (95% CI 1.09, 1.23), 1.34 (1.27, 1.43), 1.36 (1.21, 1.52), and 1.58 (1.46, 1.70) for poor diet, inactivity, heavy alcohol intake and smoking, respectively. Increasing numbers of adverse lifestyle factors were associated with a dose-dependent increase in adjusted odds ratios of 1.30 (1.20, 1.40), 1.67 (1.54, 1.81), 2.32 (2.08, 2.60), and 3.85 (3.12, 4.75) for 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors relative to those with none. The population attributable fraction for all-cause, all-CVD and all-cancer mortality were 26.6%, 15.0%, and 32.1%, resulting in an excess of 2,017,541; 489,884; and 607,517 deaths annually, respectively. Although smoking was associated with the greatest excess loss of life (867,530), heavy drinking (680,466), and physical inactivity (678,317) were similarly important.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Adverse lifestyle factors contribute to one quarter of all deaths in China. Improving lifestyle practices, particularly focussing on moderating alcohol intake and increasing activity, and smoking cessation are critical to reducing the lifestyle-associated health burden.G Neil ThomasMan Ping WangSai Yin HoKwok Hang MakKar Keung ChengTai Hing LamPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e89650 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q G Neil Thomas Man Ping Wang Sai Yin Ho Kwok Hang Mak Kar Keung Cheng Tai Hing Lam Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Adverse lifestyle factors have been associated with increased mortality, but data are lacking on their combined effect in developing populations, which we address in the present study.<h4>Methods</h4>In a death registry-based, case-control study among Hong Kong Chinese aged 30+y, proxy-reported lifestyle factors 10 y ago were collected for 21,363 cases (81% of all deaths) and 12,048 living controls. Risks associated with poor diet, inactivity, heavy alcohol intake, and smoking for all-cause and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for potential confounders, were determined, and excess deaths for the Chinese population were calculated.<h4>Results</h4>Adjusted odds ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.15 (95% CI 1.09, 1.23), 1.34 (1.27, 1.43), 1.36 (1.21, 1.52), and 1.58 (1.46, 1.70) for poor diet, inactivity, heavy alcohol intake and smoking, respectively. Increasing numbers of adverse lifestyle factors were associated with a dose-dependent increase in adjusted odds ratios of 1.30 (1.20, 1.40), 1.67 (1.54, 1.81), 2.32 (2.08, 2.60), and 3.85 (3.12, 4.75) for 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors relative to those with none. The population attributable fraction for all-cause, all-CVD and all-cancer mortality were 26.6%, 15.0%, and 32.1%, resulting in an excess of 2,017,541; 489,884; and 607,517 deaths annually, respectively. Although smoking was associated with the greatest excess loss of life (867,530), heavy drinking (680,466), and physical inactivity (678,317) were similarly important.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Adverse lifestyle factors contribute to one quarter of all deaths in China. Improving lifestyle practices, particularly focussing on moderating alcohol intake and increasing activity, and smoking cessation are critical to reducing the lifestyle-associated health burden.
format	article
author	G Neil Thomas Man Ping Wang Sai Yin Ho Kwok Hang Mak Kar Keung Cheng Tai Hing Lam
author_facet	G Neil Thomas Man Ping Wang Sai Yin Ho Kwok Hang Mak Kar Keung Cheng Tai Hing Lam
author_sort	G Neil Thomas
title	Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.
title_short	Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.
title_full	Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.
title_fullStr	Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.
title_full_unstemmed	Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.
title_sort	adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in china.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/0c95fee59ef44c4983175f8dd67549c0
work_keys_str_mv	AT gneilthomas adverselifestyleleadstoanannualexcessof2milliondeathsinchina AT manpingwang adverselifestyleleadstoanannualexcessof2milliondeathsinchina AT saiyinho adverselifestyleleadstoanannualexcessof2milliondeathsinchina AT kwokhangmak adverselifestyleleadstoanannualexcessof2milliondeathsinchina AT karkeungcheng adverselifestyleleadstoanannualexcessof2milliondeathsinchina AT taihinglam adverselifestyleleadstoanannualexcessof2milliondeathsinchina
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Adverse lifestyle leads to an annual excess of 2 million deaths in China.

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