Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.

<h4>Background</h4>Interaction with fish is known to reduce stress and anxiety in humans.<h4>Objective</h4>This trial evaluated the effect of an aquarium present in a geriatric dental clinic waiting-area (WA) on blood pressure (BP), heart-rate (HR), anxiety, and mood of waiti...

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Autores principales:	Andrea Lundberg, Murali Srinivasan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0cb8a83ca4214d3d95746fef23cd4a6d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0cb8a83ca4214d3d95746fef23cd4a6d2021-12-02T20:17:01ZEffect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258118https://doaj.org/article/0cb8a83ca4214d3d95746fef23cd4a6d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258118https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Interaction with fish is known to reduce stress and anxiety in humans.<h4>Objective</h4>This trial evaluated the effect of an aquarium present in a geriatric dental clinic waiting-area (WA) on blood pressure (BP), heart-rate (HR), anxiety, and mood of waiting patients.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were recruited into three groups: control (CG): WA without aquarium; partially-stocked aquarium (PSA): aquarium without fish; fully-stocked aquarium (FSA): aquarium with fish. BP and HR of the participants were recorded upon arrival and after 20-minutes of waiting, along with anxiety [State trait anxiety inventory (STAI-6)] and mood [Feeling scale (FS), Felt arousal scale (FAS)] scores. A purpose-built questionnaire evaluated the subjective assessment of the participants' experience in the WA. ANOVA with repeated measures and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05).<h4>Results</h4>392 patients (mean age: 65.07±16.9y) completed this trial. There was an effect of time on the BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 44.82, p<0.001; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 25.10, p<0.001] and HR [F(1, 120) = 40.94, p<0.001]. No effect of groups on BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 1.01, p = 0.32; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 0.01, p = 0.92] was revealed, but a decrease of HR [F(1, 120) = 21.59, p<0.001]. No effect of time*group on BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 0.89, p = 0.35; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 0.31, p = 0.58], or HR [F(1, 120) = 1.04, p-0.31]. WA groups had no effects on the participants' anxiety [H(2) = 2.76, p = 0.25], or mood [FS: H(2) = 2.28, p = 0.32; FAS: H(2) = 1.54, p = 0.46]. Patients rated FSA higher than others [H(2) = 20.98, p<0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>There was no influence of the presence of an aquarium on the patients' blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, or mood.Andrea LundbergMurali SrinivasanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258118 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Andrea Lundberg Murali Srinivasan Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Interaction with fish is known to reduce stress and anxiety in humans.<h4>Objective</h4>This trial evaluated the effect of an aquarium present in a geriatric dental clinic waiting-area (WA) on blood pressure (BP), heart-rate (HR), anxiety, and mood of waiting patients.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were recruited into three groups: control (CG): WA without aquarium; partially-stocked aquarium (PSA): aquarium without fish; fully-stocked aquarium (FSA): aquarium with fish. BP and HR of the participants were recorded upon arrival and after 20-minutes of waiting, along with anxiety [State trait anxiety inventory (STAI-6)] and mood [Feeling scale (FS), Felt arousal scale (FAS)] scores. A purpose-built questionnaire evaluated the subjective assessment of the participants' experience in the WA. ANOVA with repeated measures and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05).<h4>Results</h4>392 patients (mean age: 65.07±16.9y) completed this trial. There was an effect of time on the BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 44.82, p<0.001; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 25.10, p<0.001] and HR [F(1, 120) = 40.94, p<0.001]. No effect of groups on BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 1.01, p = 0.32; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 0.01, p = 0.92] was revealed, but a decrease of HR [F(1, 120) = 21.59, p<0.001]. No effect of time*group on BP [systolic: F(1, 120) = 0.89, p = 0.35; diastolic: F(1, 120) = 0.31, p = 0.58], or HR [F(1, 120) = 1.04, p-0.31]. WA groups had no effects on the participants' anxiety [H(2) = 2.76, p = 0.25], or mood [FS: H(2) = 2.28, p = 0.32; FAS: H(2) = 1.54, p = 0.46]. Patients rated FSA higher than others [H(2) = 20.98, p<0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>There was no influence of the presence of an aquarium on the patients' blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, or mood.
format	article
author	Andrea Lundberg Murali Srinivasan
author_facet	Andrea Lundberg Murali Srinivasan
author_sort	Andrea Lundberg
title	Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.
title_short	Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.
title_full	Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.
title_fullStr	Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.
title_sort	effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: a controlled clinical trial.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0cb8a83ca4214d3d95746fef23cd4a6d
work_keys_str_mv	AT andrealundberg effectofthepresenceofanaquariuminthewaitingareaonthestressanxietyandmoodofadultdentalpatientsacontrolledclinicaltrial AT muralisrinivasan effectofthepresenceofanaquariuminthewaitingareaonthestressanxietyandmoodofadultdentalpatientsacontrolledclinicaltrial
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Effect of the presence of an aquarium in the waiting area on the stress, anxiety and mood of adult dental patients: A controlled clinical trial.

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