Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.

Research on Muslim minorities in western societies has mainly focused on offline behavior, such as mosque attendance, whereas little is known about their presence in the online world. This study explores the online visibility and activities of all (478) mosques in the Netherlands. We collected data...

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Autores principales:	Frank van Tubergen, Tobias Cinjee, Anastasia Menshikova, Joran Veldkamp
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d190429260e41a99d1a7b9ce3e03bb7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d190429260e41a99d1a7b9ce3e03bb72021-12-02T20:06:33ZOnline activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0254881https://doaj.org/article/0d190429260e41a99d1a7b9ce3e03bb72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254881https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Research on Muslim minorities in western societies has mainly focused on offline behavior, such as mosque attendance, whereas little is known about their presence in the online world. This study explores the online visibility and activities of all (478) mosques in the Netherlands. We collected data on personal websites and four social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube). The majority of mosques have a website (52%) and an account on Facebook (61%). Less often used are Twitter (17%), Instagram (17%) and YouTube (19%). On social media platforms, mosques strongly differ in their activity and number of followers. We find evidence to suggest that Salafist mosques, which tend to have a strict ideology, are more active on Twitter and YouTube, and also attract a larger share of followers on Facebook than non-Salafist mosques. Our more fine-grained analysis on Twitter shows that Salafist mosques in the Netherlands cluster together. Followers of Salafist mosques make up a community of users who are mainly connected to each other ("bonding ties"), and much less so to other users ("bridging ties"). We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for studying the online presence and activities of mosques and Muslims in western societies.Frank van TubergenTobias CinjeeAnastasia MenshikovaJoran VeldkampPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0254881 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Frank van Tubergen Tobias Cinjee Anastasia Menshikova Joran Veldkamp Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
description	Research on Muslim minorities in western societies has mainly focused on offline behavior, such as mosque attendance, whereas little is known about their presence in the online world. This study explores the online visibility and activities of all (478) mosques in the Netherlands. We collected data on personal websites and four social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube). The majority of mosques have a website (52%) and an account on Facebook (61%). Less often used are Twitter (17%), Instagram (17%) and YouTube (19%). On social media platforms, mosques strongly differ in their activity and number of followers. We find evidence to suggest that Salafist mosques, which tend to have a strict ideology, are more active on Twitter and YouTube, and also attract a larger share of followers on Facebook than non-Salafist mosques. Our more fine-grained analysis on Twitter shows that Salafist mosques in the Netherlands cluster together. Followers of Salafist mosques make up a community of users who are mainly connected to each other ("bonding ties"), and much less so to other users ("bridging ties"). We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for studying the online presence and activities of mosques and Muslims in western societies.
format	article
author	Frank van Tubergen Tobias Cinjee Anastasia Menshikova Joran Veldkamp
author_facet	Frank van Tubergen Tobias Cinjee Anastasia Menshikova Joran Veldkamp
author_sort	Frank van Tubergen
title	Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
title_short	Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
title_full	Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
title_fullStr	Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
title_full_unstemmed	Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.
title_sort	online activity of mosques and muslims in the netherlands: a study of facebook, instagram, youtube and twitter.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d190429260e41a99d1a7b9ce3e03bb7
work_keys_str_mv	AT frankvantubergen onlineactivityofmosquesandmuslimsinthenetherlandsastudyoffacebookinstagramyoutubeandtwitter AT tobiascinjee onlineactivityofmosquesandmuslimsinthenetherlandsastudyoffacebookinstagramyoutubeandtwitter AT anastasiamenshikova onlineactivityofmosquesandmuslimsinthenetherlandsastudyoffacebookinstagramyoutubeandtwitter AT joranveldkamp onlineactivityofmosquesandmuslimsinthenetherlandsastudyoffacebookinstagramyoutubeandtwitter
_version_	1718375344888610816

Online activity of mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands: A study of Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.

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