Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam

Abstract Natural rubber (NR) foam can be prepared by the Dunlop method using concentrated natural latex with chemical agents. Most previous studies have focused on the thermodynamic parameters of solid rubber in extension. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the NR matri...

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Autores principales:	Supitta Suethao, Worachai Ponloa, Saree Phongphanphanee, Jirasak Wong-Ekkabut, Wirasak Smitthipong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d1bcc06634642b0824919ec88940ced
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d1bcc06634642b0824919ec88940ced2021-12-02T11:39:20ZCurrent challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam10.1038/s41598-021-85638-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0d1bcc06634642b0824919ec88940ced2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85638-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Natural rubber (NR) foam can be prepared by the Dunlop method using concentrated natural latex with chemical agents. Most previous studies have focused on the thermodynamic parameters of solid rubber in extension. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the NR matrix concentration on the static and dynamic properties of NR foams, especially the new approach of considering the thermodynamic aspects of NR foam in compression. We found that the density and compression strength of NR foams increased with increasing NR matrix concentration. The mechanical properties of NR foam were in agreement with computational modelling. Moreover, thermodynamic aspects showed that the ratio of internal energy force to the compression force, Fu/F, and the entropy, S, increased with increasing matrix concentration. The activation enthalpy, ∆Ha, also increased with increasing matrix concentration in the NR foam, indicating the greater relaxation time of the backbone of the rubber molecules. New scientific concepts of thermodynamic parameters of the crosslinked NR foam in compression mode are proposed and discussed. Our results will improve both the knowledge and the development of rubber foams based on the structure–properties relationship, especially the new scientific concept of the thermodynamical parameters under compression.Supitta SuethaoWorachai PonloaSaree PhongphanphaneeJirasak Wong-EkkabutWirasak SmitthipongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Supitta Suethao Worachai Ponloa Saree Phongphanphanee Jirasak Wong-Ekkabut Wirasak Smitthipong Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam
description	Abstract Natural rubber (NR) foam can be prepared by the Dunlop method using concentrated natural latex with chemical agents. Most previous studies have focused on the thermodynamic parameters of solid rubber in extension. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the NR matrix concentration on the static and dynamic properties of NR foams, especially the new approach of considering the thermodynamic aspects of NR foam in compression. We found that the density and compression strength of NR foams increased with increasing NR matrix concentration. The mechanical properties of NR foam were in agreement with computational modelling. Moreover, thermodynamic aspects showed that the ratio of internal energy force to the compression force, Fu/F, and the entropy, S, increased with increasing matrix concentration. The activation enthalpy, ∆Ha, also increased with increasing matrix concentration in the NR foam, indicating the greater relaxation time of the backbone of the rubber molecules. New scientific concepts of thermodynamic parameters of the crosslinked NR foam in compression mode are proposed and discussed. Our results will improve both the knowledge and the development of rubber foams based on the structure–properties relationship, especially the new scientific concept of the thermodynamical parameters under compression.
format	article
author	Supitta Suethao Worachai Ponloa Saree Phongphanphanee Jirasak Wong-Ekkabut Wirasak Smitthipong
author_facet	Supitta Suethao Worachai Ponloa Saree Phongphanphanee Jirasak Wong-Ekkabut Wirasak Smitthipong
author_sort	Supitta Suethao
title	Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam
title_short	Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam
title_full	Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam
title_fullStr	Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam
title_full_unstemmed	Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam
title_sort	current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d1bcc06634642b0824919ec88940ced
work_keys_str_mv	AT supittasuethao currentchallengesinthermodynamicaspectsofrubberfoam AT worachaiponloa currentchallengesinthermodynamicaspectsofrubberfoam AT sareephongphanphanee currentchallengesinthermodynamicaspectsofrubberfoam AT jirasakwongekkabut currentchallengesinthermodynamicaspectsofrubberfoam AT wirasaksmitthipong currentchallengesinthermodynamicaspectsofrubberfoam
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Current challenges in thermodynamic aspects of rubber foam

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