Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020

Rapid urbanization has produced serious heat effects worldwide. However, the literature lacks a detailed study on heat effects based on the directions and types of urban expansion. In this work, a typical city with an extremely hot summer climate, Hangzhou, was selected as a case study to determine...

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Autores principales:	Lin Chen, Bin Zhou, Weidong Man, Mingyue Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	impervious surfaces urban expansion types urban heat island effect Landsat series Hangzhou City Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d2752885d484b4ca96f8ea526a59d46
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:0d2752885d484b4ca96f8ea526a59d46
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d2752885d484b4ca96f8ea526a59d462021-11-11T18:52:14ZLandsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 202010.3390/rs132142682072-4292https://doaj.org/article/0d2752885d484b4ca96f8ea526a59d462021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4268https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Rapid urbanization has produced serious heat effects worldwide. However, the literature lacks a detailed study on heat effects based on the directions and types of urban expansion. In this work, a typical city with an extremely hot summer climate, Hangzhou, was selected as a case study to determine the relationships between the urban heat-effect dynamics and spatiotemporal patterns of impervious surface expansion. Based on long-term Landsat imagery, this study characterized the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion and normalized surface temperatures in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020 using object-based backdating classification and a generalized single-channel algorithm with the help of a land-use transfer matrix, expansion index, and spatial centroids. Relevant policies, industries, and traffic networks were discussed to help explain urban expansion and thermal environment changes. The results demonstrated that in 2020, the area of impervious surfaces covered 1139.29 km<sup>2</sup>. The majority of the gains were in farmland, water, and forests, and the annual growth rate was 32.12 km<sup>2</sup>/year beginning in 2000. During the expansion of impervious surfaces, the city warmed at a slower rate, and more thermal contributions came from sub-urban areas. The southeast-oriented expansion of impervious surfaces was the key reason for the spatiotemporal dynamics of the urban heat effects. The dominant urban edge expansion intensified the local heat effects. This research provides a Landsat-based methodology for better understanding the heat effects of urban expansion.Lin ChenBin ZhouWeidong ManMingyue LiuMDPI AGarticleimpervious surfacesurban expansion typesurban heat island effectLandsat seriesHangzhou CityScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4268, p 4268 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	impervious surfaces urban expansion types urban heat island effect Landsat series Hangzhou City Science Q
spellingShingle	impervious surfaces urban expansion types urban heat island effect Landsat series Hangzhou City Science Q Lin Chen Bin Zhou Weidong Man Mingyue Liu Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020
description	Rapid urbanization has produced serious heat effects worldwide. However, the literature lacks a detailed study on heat effects based on the directions and types of urban expansion. In this work, a typical city with an extremely hot summer climate, Hangzhou, was selected as a case study to determine the relationships between the urban heat-effect dynamics and spatiotemporal patterns of impervious surface expansion. Based on long-term Landsat imagery, this study characterized the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion and normalized surface temperatures in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020 using object-based backdating classification and a generalized single-channel algorithm with the help of a land-use transfer matrix, expansion index, and spatial centroids. Relevant policies, industries, and traffic networks were discussed to help explain urban expansion and thermal environment changes. The results demonstrated that in 2020, the area of impervious surfaces covered 1139.29 km<sup>2</sup>. The majority of the gains were in farmland, water, and forests, and the annual growth rate was 32.12 km<sup>2</sup>/year beginning in 2000. During the expansion of impervious surfaces, the city warmed at a slower rate, and more thermal contributions came from sub-urban areas. The southeast-oriented expansion of impervious surfaces was the key reason for the spatiotemporal dynamics of the urban heat effects. The dominant urban edge expansion intensified the local heat effects. This research provides a Landsat-based methodology for better understanding the heat effects of urban expansion.
format	article
author	Lin Chen Bin Zhou Weidong Man Mingyue Liu
author_facet	Lin Chen Bin Zhou Weidong Man Mingyue Liu
author_sort	Lin Chen
title	Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020
title_short	Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020
title_full	Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020
title_fullStr	Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020
title_full_unstemmed	Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020
title_sort	landsat-based monitoring of the heat effects of urbanization directions and types in hangzhou city from 2000 to 2020
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d2752885d484b4ca96f8ea526a59d46
work_keys_str_mv	AT linchen landsatbasedmonitoringoftheheateffectsofurbanizationdirectionsandtypesinhangzhoucityfrom2000to2020 AT binzhou landsatbasedmonitoringoftheheateffectsofurbanizationdirectionsandtypesinhangzhoucityfrom2000to2020 AT weidongman landsatbasedmonitoringoftheheateffectsofurbanizationdirectionsandtypesinhangzhoucityfrom2000to2020 AT mingyueliu landsatbasedmonitoringoftheheateffectsofurbanizationdirectionsandtypesinhangzhoucityfrom2000to2020
_version_	1718431686520209408

Landsat-Based Monitoring of the Heat Effects of Urbanization Directions and Types in Hangzhou City from 2000 to 2020

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