Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition

ABSTRACT In the United States, humans spend the majority of their time indoors, where they are exposed to the microbiome of the built environment (BE) they inhabit. Despite the ubiquity of microbes in BEs and their potential impacts on health and building materials, basic questions about the microbi...

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Autores principales:	John Chase, Jennifer Fouquier, Mahnaz Zare, Derek L. Sonderegger, Rob Knight, Scott T. Kelley, Jeffrey Siegel, J. Gregory Caporaso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	bacteria built environment fungi microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d3b65b3c40e48e88c4ef7f5c799ea10
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d3b65b3c40e48e88c4ef7f5c799ea102021-12-02T18:15:43ZGeography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition10.1128/mSystems.00022-162379-5077https://doaj.org/article/0d3b65b3c40e48e88c4ef7f5c799ea102016-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00022-16https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT In the United States, humans spend the majority of their time indoors, where they are exposed to the microbiome of the built environment (BE) they inhabit. Despite the ubiquity of microbes in BEs and their potential impacts on health and building materials, basic questions about the microbiology of these environments remain unanswered. We present a study on the impacts of geography, material type, human interaction, location in a room, seasonal variation, and indoor and microenvironmental parameters on bacterial communities in offices. Our data elucidate several important features of microbial communities in BEs. First, under normal office environmental conditions, bacterial communities do not differ on the basis of surface material (e.g., ceiling tile or carpet) but do differ on the basis of the location in a room (e.g., ceiling or floor), two features that are often conflated but that we are able to separate here. We suspect that previous work showing differences in bacterial composition with surface material was likely detecting differences based on different usage patterns. Next, we find that offices have city-specific bacterial communities, such that we can accurately predict which city an office microbiome sample is derived from, but office-specific bacterial communities are less apparent. This differs from previous work, which has suggested office-specific compositions of bacterial communities. We again suspect that the difference from prior work arises from different usage patterns. As has been previously shown, we observe that human skin contributes heavily to the composition of BE surfaces. IMPORTANCE Our study highlights several points that should impact the design of future studies of the microbiology of BEs. First, projects tracking changes in BE bacterial communities should focus sampling efforts on surveying different locations in offices and in different cities but not necessarily different materials or different offices in the same city. Next, disturbance due to repeated sampling, though detectable, is small compared to that due to other variables, opening up a range of longitudinal study designs in the BE. Next, studies requiring more samples than can be sequenced on a single sequencing run (which is increasingly common) must control for run effects by including some of the same samples in all of the sequencing runs as technical replicates. Finally, detailed tracking of indoor and material environment covariates is likely not essential for BE microbiome studies, as the normal range of indoor environmental conditions is likely not large enough to impact bacterial communities.John ChaseJennifer FouquierMahnaz ZareDerek L. SondereggerRob KnightScott T. KelleyJeffrey SiegelJ. Gregory CaporasoAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlebacteriabuilt environmentfungimicrobiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 1, Iss 2 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bacteria built environment fungi microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bacteria built environment fungi microbiome Microbiology QR1-502 John Chase Jennifer Fouquier Mahnaz Zare Derek L. Sonderegger Rob Knight Scott T. Kelley Jeffrey Siegel J. Gregory Caporaso Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition
description	ABSTRACT In the United States, humans spend the majority of their time indoors, where they are exposed to the microbiome of the built environment (BE) they inhabit. Despite the ubiquity of microbes in BEs and their potential impacts on health and building materials, basic questions about the microbiology of these environments remain unanswered. We present a study on the impacts of geography, material type, human interaction, location in a room, seasonal variation, and indoor and microenvironmental parameters on bacterial communities in offices. Our data elucidate several important features of microbial communities in BEs. First, under normal office environmental conditions, bacterial communities do not differ on the basis of surface material (e.g., ceiling tile or carpet) but do differ on the basis of the location in a room (e.g., ceiling or floor), two features that are often conflated but that we are able to separate here. We suspect that previous work showing differences in bacterial composition with surface material was likely detecting differences based on different usage patterns. Next, we find that offices have city-specific bacterial communities, such that we can accurately predict which city an office microbiome sample is derived from, but office-specific bacterial communities are less apparent. This differs from previous work, which has suggested office-specific compositions of bacterial communities. We again suspect that the difference from prior work arises from different usage patterns. As has been previously shown, we observe that human skin contributes heavily to the composition of BE surfaces. IMPORTANCE Our study highlights several points that should impact the design of future studies of the microbiology of BEs. First, projects tracking changes in BE bacterial communities should focus sampling efforts on surveying different locations in offices and in different cities but not necessarily different materials or different offices in the same city. Next, disturbance due to repeated sampling, though detectable, is small compared to that due to other variables, opening up a range of longitudinal study designs in the BE. Next, studies requiring more samples than can be sequenced on a single sequencing run (which is increasingly common) must control for run effects by including some of the same samples in all of the sequencing runs as technical replicates. Finally, detailed tracking of indoor and material environment covariates is likely not essential for BE microbiome studies, as the normal range of indoor environmental conditions is likely not large enough to impact bacterial communities.
format	article
author	John Chase Jennifer Fouquier Mahnaz Zare Derek L. Sonderegger Rob Knight Scott T. Kelley Jeffrey Siegel J. Gregory Caporaso
author_facet	John Chase Jennifer Fouquier Mahnaz Zare Derek L. Sonderegger Rob Knight Scott T. Kelley Jeffrey Siegel J. Gregory Caporaso
author_sort	John Chase
title	Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition
title_short	Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition
title_full	Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition
title_fullStr	Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition
title_full_unstemmed	Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition
title_sort	geography and location are the primary drivers of office microbiome composition
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d3b65b3c40e48e88c4ef7f5c799ea10
work_keys_str_mv	AT johnchase geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition AT jenniferfouquier geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition AT mahnazzare geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition AT dereklsonderegger geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition AT robknight geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition AT scotttkelley geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition AT jeffreysiegel geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition AT jgregorycaporaso geographyandlocationaretheprimarydriversofofficemicrobiomecomposition
_version_	1718378316224790528

Geography and Location Are the Primary Drivers of Office Microbiome Composition

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