Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>

ABSTRACT The enterococci are Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of diverse hosts. However, Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis have emerged as leading causes of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. The mechanism by which a well-adapted commensal...

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Autores principales:	Kelli L. Palmer, Paul Godfrey, Allison Griggs, Veronica N. Kos, Jeremy Zucker, Christopher Desjardins, Gustavo Cerqueira, Dirk Gevers, Suzanne Walker, Jennifer Wortman, Michael Feldgarden, Brian Haas, Bruce Birren, Michael S. Gilmore
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2012
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d47f7be064c4f1cae2c0ffe53694978
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d47f7be064c4f1cae2c0ffe536949782021-11-15T15:39:02ZComparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>10.1128/mBio.00318-112150-7511https://doaj.org/article/0d47f7be064c4f1cae2c0ffe536949782012-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00318-11https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The enterococci are Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of diverse hosts. However, Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis have emerged as leading causes of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. The mechanism by which a well-adapted commensal evolved into a hospital pathogen is poorly understood. In this study, we examined high-quality draft genome data for evidence of key events in the evolution of the leading causes of enterococcal infections, including E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus, and E. gallinarum. We characterized two clades within what is currently classified as E. faecium and identified traits characteristic of each, including variation in operons for cell wall carbohydrate and putative capsule biosynthesis. We examined the extent of recombination between the two E. faecium clades and identified two strains with mosaic genomes. We determined the underlying genetics for the defining characteristics of the motile enterococci E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum. Further, we identified species-specific traits that could be used to advance the detection of medically relevant enterococci and their identification to the species level. IMPORTANCE The enterococci, in particular, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, have emerged as leading causes of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. In this study, we examined genome sequence data to define traits with the potential to influence host-microbe interactions and to identify sequences and biochemical functions that could form the basis for the rapid identification of enterococcal species or lineages of importance in clinical and environmental samples.Kelli L. PalmerPaul GodfreyAllison GriggsVeronica N. KosJeremy ZuckerChristopher DesjardinsGustavo CerqueiraDirk GeversSuzanne WalkerJennifer WortmanMichael FeldgardenBrian HaasBruce BirrenMichael S. GilmoreAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 3, Iss 1 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Kelli L. Palmer Paul Godfrey Allison Griggs Veronica N. Kos Jeremy Zucker Christopher Desjardins Gustavo Cerqueira Dirk Gevers Suzanne Walker Jennifer Wortman Michael Feldgarden Brian Haas Bruce Birren Michael S. Gilmore Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>
description	ABSTRACT The enterococci are Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of diverse hosts. However, Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis have emerged as leading causes of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. The mechanism by which a well-adapted commensal evolved into a hospital pathogen is poorly understood. In this study, we examined high-quality draft genome data for evidence of key events in the evolution of the leading causes of enterococcal infections, including E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus, and E. gallinarum. We characterized two clades within what is currently classified as E. faecium and identified traits characteristic of each, including variation in operons for cell wall carbohydrate and putative capsule biosynthesis. We examined the extent of recombination between the two E. faecium clades and identified two strains with mosaic genomes. We determined the underlying genetics for the defining characteristics of the motile enterococci E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum. Further, we identified species-specific traits that could be used to advance the detection of medically relevant enterococci and their identification to the species level. IMPORTANCE The enterococci, in particular, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, have emerged as leading causes of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. In this study, we examined genome sequence data to define traits with the potential to influence host-microbe interactions and to identify sequences and biochemical functions that could form the basis for the rapid identification of enterococcal species or lineages of importance in clinical and environmental samples.
format	article
author	Kelli L. Palmer Paul Godfrey Allison Griggs Veronica N. Kos Jeremy Zucker Christopher Desjardins Gustavo Cerqueira Dirk Gevers Suzanne Walker Jennifer Wortman Michael Feldgarden Brian Haas Bruce Birren Michael S. Gilmore
author_facet	Kelli L. Palmer Paul Godfrey Allison Griggs Veronica N. Kos Jeremy Zucker Christopher Desjardins Gustavo Cerqueira Dirk Gevers Suzanne Walker Jennifer Wortman Michael Feldgarden Brian Haas Bruce Birren Michael S. Gilmore
author_sort	Kelli L. Palmer
title	Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>
title_short	Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>
title_full	Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>
title_fullStr	Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Genomics of Enterococci: Variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, Clade Structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">E. faecium</named-content>, and Defining Characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">E</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>
title_sort	comparative genomics of enterococci: variation in <named-content content-type="genus-species">enterococcus faecalis</named-content>, clade structure in <named-content content-type="genus-species">e. faecium</named-content>, and defining characteristics of <italic toggle="yes">e</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">gallinarum</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">e</italic>. <italic toggle="yes">casseliflavus</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d47f7be064c4f1cae2c0ffe53694978
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