Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy

Jasmine Pani,1,2 Line S Reitlo,1,2 Hallvard Røe Evensmoen,2 Stian Lydersen,3 Ulrik Wisløff,4,5 Dorthe Stensvold,4,6 Asta K Håberg1,2 1Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway; 2...

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Autores principales:	Pani J, Reitlo LS, Evensmoen HR, Lydersen S, Wisløff U, Stensvold D, Håberg AK
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	cns aging limbic brain reserve morphometry Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d5c34223e8a41afb35fccde10e13569
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d5c34223e8a41afb35fccde10e135692021-12-02T16:26:57ZEffect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/0d5c34223e8a41afb35fccde10e135692021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/effect-of-5-years-of-exercise-intervention-at-different-intensities-on-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Jasmine Pani,1,2 Line S Reitlo,1,2 Hallvard Røe Evensmoen,2 Stian Lydersen,3 Ulrik Wisløff,4,5 Dorthe Stensvold,4,6 Asta K Håberg1,2 1Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway; 2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; 3Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway; 4Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway; 5School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; 6Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayCorrespondence: Asta K HåbergDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, N-7491, NorwayTel +47 90 25 91 47Email asta.haberg@ntnu.noPurpose: The aim was to examine the effect of a 5-year exercise intervention at different intensities on brain structure in older adults from the general population partaking in the randomized controlled trial Generation 100 Study.Participants and Methods: Generation 100 Study participants were invited to a longitudinal neuroimaging study before randomization. A total of 105 participants (52 women, 70– 77 years) volunteered. Participants were randomized into supervised exercise twice a week performing high intensity interval training in 4× 4 intervals at ∼ 90% peak heart rate (HIIT, n = 33) or 50 minutes of moderate intensity continuous training at ∼ 70% of peak heart rate (MICT, n = 24). The control group (n = 48) followed the national physical activity guidelines of ≥ 30 min physical activity daily. Brain MRI at 3T, clinical and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured as peak oxygen uptake, were collected at baseline, and after 1, 3, and 5 years of intervention. Brain volumes and cortical thickness were derived from T1 weighted 3D MRI data using FreeSurfer. The effect of HIIT or MICT on brain volumes over time was investigated with linear mixed models, while linear regressions examined the effect of baseline CRF on brain volumes at later time points.Results: Adherence in each group was between 79 and 94% after 5 years. CRF increased significantly in all groups during the first year. Compared to controls, the HIIT group had significantly increased hippocampal atrophy located to CA1 and hippocampal body, though within normal range, and the MICT group greater thalamic atrophy. No other effects of intervention group were found. CRF across the intervention was not associated with brain structure, but CRF at baseline was positively associated with cortical volume at all later time points.Conclusion: Higher baseline CRF reduced 5-year cortical atrophy rate in older adults, while following physical activity guidelines was associated with the lowest hippocampal and thalamic atrophy rates.Keywords: CNS, aging, limbic, brain reserve, morphometryPani JReitlo LSEvensmoen HRLydersen SWisløff UStensvold DHåberg AKDove Medical Pressarticlecnsaginglimbicbrain reservemorphometryGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 16, Pp 1485-1501 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cns aging limbic brain reserve morphometry Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	cns aging limbic brain reserve morphometry Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Pani J Reitlo LS Evensmoen HR Lydersen S Wisløff U Stensvold D Håberg AK Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy
description	Jasmine Pani,1,2 Line S Reitlo,1,2 Hallvard Røe Evensmoen,2 Stian Lydersen,3 Ulrik Wisløff,4,5 Dorthe Stensvold,4,6 Asta K Håberg1,2 1Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway; 2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; 3Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway; 4Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, Norway; 5School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; 6Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NorwayCorrespondence: Asta K HåbergDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trondheim, N-7491, NorwayTel +47 90 25 91 47Email asta.haberg@ntnu.noPurpose: The aim was to examine the effect of a 5-year exercise intervention at different intensities on brain structure in older adults from the general population partaking in the randomized controlled trial Generation 100 Study.Participants and Methods: Generation 100 Study participants were invited to a longitudinal neuroimaging study before randomization. A total of 105 participants (52 women, 70– 77 years) volunteered. Participants were randomized into supervised exercise twice a week performing high intensity interval training in 4× 4 intervals at ∼ 90% peak heart rate (HIIT, n = 33) or 50 minutes of moderate intensity continuous training at ∼ 70% of peak heart rate (MICT, n = 24). The control group (n = 48) followed the national physical activity guidelines of ≥ 30 min physical activity daily. Brain MRI at 3T, clinical and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured as peak oxygen uptake, were collected at baseline, and after 1, 3, and 5 years of intervention. Brain volumes and cortical thickness were derived from T1 weighted 3D MRI data using FreeSurfer. The effect of HIIT or MICT on brain volumes over time was investigated with linear mixed models, while linear regressions examined the effect of baseline CRF on brain volumes at later time points.Results: Adherence in each group was between 79 and 94% after 5 years. CRF increased significantly in all groups during the first year. Compared to controls, the HIIT group had significantly increased hippocampal atrophy located to CA1 and hippocampal body, though within normal range, and the MICT group greater thalamic atrophy. No other effects of intervention group were found. CRF across the intervention was not associated with brain structure, but CRF at baseline was positively associated with cortical volume at all later time points.Conclusion: Higher baseline CRF reduced 5-year cortical atrophy rate in older adults, while following physical activity guidelines was associated with the lowest hippocampal and thalamic atrophy rates.Keywords: CNS, aging, limbic, brain reserve, morphometry
format	article
author	Pani J Reitlo LS Evensmoen HR Lydersen S Wisløff U Stensvold D Håberg AK
author_facet	Pani J Reitlo LS Evensmoen HR Lydersen S Wisløff U Stensvold D Håberg AK
author_sort	Pani J
title	Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy
title_short	Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy
title_full	Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy
title_fullStr	Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy
title_sort	effect of 5 years of exercise intervention at different intensities on brain structure in older adults from the general population: a generation 100 substudy
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d5c34223e8a41afb35fccde10e13569
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Effect of 5 Years of Exercise Intervention at Different Intensities on Brain Structure in Older Adults from the General Population: A Generation 100 Substudy

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