In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles

Julia Joseph,1 Kang Zi Khor,1 Emmanuel Jairaj Moses,2 Vuanghao Lim,1 Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz,1 Nozlena Abdul Samad1 1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; 2Regenerative Medicine Cl...

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Autores principales:	Joseph J, Khor KZ, Moses EJ, Lim V, Aziz MY, Abdul Samad N
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	vernonia amygdalina mcf-7 apoptosis cytotoxicity silver nanoparticles Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0d6a06c82b0749d9b5919a2f2aa8b234
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0d6a06c82b0749d9b5919a2f2aa8b2342021-12-02T15:00:12ZIn vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/0d6a06c82b0749d9b5919a2f2aa8b2342021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/in-vitro-anticancer-effects-of-vernonia-amygdalina-leaf-extract-and-gr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Julia Joseph,1 Kang Zi Khor,1 Emmanuel Jairaj Moses,2 Vuanghao Lim,1 Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz,1 Nozlena Abdul Samad1 1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; 2Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Nozlena Abdul SamadIntegrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaTel +604-5622051Fax +604 - 562 2349Email nozlena@usm.myPurpose: Vernonia amygdalina (VA) is a traditional African herbal medicine that has been reported to possess anticancer properties. However, the anticancer properties of VA silver nanoparticles have not been studied. The aim of the study was to examine and evaluate the anticancer activities of VA leaf extracts and VA silver nanoparticles on the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.Methods: VA leaves were extracted using sequential extraction assisted with ultrasound using three different solvents: ethanol, 50% ethanol, and deionized water. The silver nanoparticles were synthesised with VA aqueous extract.Results: The ethanol extract and VA silver nanoparticles inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation with an average half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 67μg/mL and 6.11μg/mL, respectively, after 72 hours of treatment. The ethanol extract and VA silver nanoparticles also caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis and nuclear fragmentation in MCF-7 cells.Conclusion: VA ethanol extracts and VA silver nanoparticles decreased the cell viability in MCF-7 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and causing DNA damage. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of VA leaf extracts and VA silver nanoparticles. This study is the first to report on the anticancer activity of VA silver nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells.Keywords: Vernonia amygdalina, MCF-7, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, silver nanoparticlesJoseph JKhor KZMoses EJLim VAziz MYAbdul Samad NDove Medical Pressarticlevernonia amygdalinamcf-7apoptosiscytotoxicitysilver nanoparticlesMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 3599-3612 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vernonia amygdalina mcf-7 apoptosis cytotoxicity silver nanoparticles Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	vernonia amygdalina mcf-7 apoptosis cytotoxicity silver nanoparticles Medicine (General) R5-920 Joseph J Khor KZ Moses EJ Lim V Aziz MY Abdul Samad N In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles
description	Julia Joseph,1 Kang Zi Khor,1 Emmanuel Jairaj Moses,2 Vuanghao Lim,1 Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz,1 Nozlena Abdul Samad1 1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; 2Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Nozlena Abdul SamadIntegrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaTel +604-5622051Fax +604 - 562 2349Email nozlena@usm.myPurpose: Vernonia amygdalina (VA) is a traditional African herbal medicine that has been reported to possess anticancer properties. However, the anticancer properties of VA silver nanoparticles have not been studied. The aim of the study was to examine and evaluate the anticancer activities of VA leaf extracts and VA silver nanoparticles on the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.Methods: VA leaves were extracted using sequential extraction assisted with ultrasound using three different solvents: ethanol, 50% ethanol, and deionized water. The silver nanoparticles were synthesised with VA aqueous extract.Results: The ethanol extract and VA silver nanoparticles inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation with an average half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 67μg/mL and 6.11μg/mL, respectively, after 72 hours of treatment. The ethanol extract and VA silver nanoparticles also caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis and nuclear fragmentation in MCF-7 cells.Conclusion: VA ethanol extracts and VA silver nanoparticles decreased the cell viability in MCF-7 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and causing DNA damage. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of VA leaf extracts and VA silver nanoparticles. This study is the first to report on the anticancer activity of VA silver nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells.Keywords: Vernonia amygdalina, MCF-7, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, silver nanoparticles
format	article
author	Joseph J Khor KZ Moses EJ Lim V Aziz MY Abdul Samad N
author_facet	Joseph J Khor KZ Moses EJ Lim V Aziz MY Abdul Samad N
author_sort	Joseph J
title	In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles
title_short	In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles
title_full	In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles
title_fullStr	In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles
title_sort	in vitro anticancer effects of vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and green-synthesised silver nanoparticles
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0d6a06c82b0749d9b5919a2f2aa8b234
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In vitro Anticancer Effects of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract and Green-Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles

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