Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites

Abstract Cloud-to-ground lightning causes both high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphism of rocks, forming rock fulgurite. We demonstrate that a range of microstructural features indicative of high temperatures and pressures can form in fulgurites at the surface and in fractures up to several...

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Autores principales:	Li-Wei Kuo, Steven A. F. Smith, Chien-Chih Chen, Ching-Shun Ku, Ching-Yu Chiang, Dennis Brown, Marianne Negrini, Wen-Jeng Huang, Tze-Yuan Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0da3364c4b824dffa032548c9e62091a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0da3364c4b824dffa032548c9e62091a2021-11-14T12:19:43ZLightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites10.1038/s41598-021-01559-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0da3364c4b824dffa032548c9e62091a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01559-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cloud-to-ground lightning causes both high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphism of rocks, forming rock fulgurite. We demonstrate that a range of microstructural features indicative of high temperatures and pressures can form in fulgurites at the surface and in fractures up to several meters below the surface. In comparison to a granite reference sample collected from a borehole at a depth of 138 m, microstructures in both the surface and fracture fulgurite are characterized by: (i) the presence of glass, (ii) a phase transformation in K-feldspar with the presence of exsolution lamellae of plagioclase, and (iii) high residual stresses up to 1.5 GPa. Since this is the first time that fracture-related fulgurite has been described, we also carried out a 1-D numerical model to investigate the processes by which these can form. The model shows that the electric current density in fractures up to 40 m from the landing point can be as high as that on the surface, providing an explanation for the occurrence of fracture-related fulgurites. Our work broadens the near-surface environments in which rock fulgurite has been reported, and provides a detailed description of microstructures that can be compared to those formed during other types of extreme metamorphic events.Li-Wei KuoSteven A. F. SmithChien-Chih ChenChing-Shun KuChing-Yu ChiangDennis BrownMarianne NegriniWen-Jeng HuangTze-Yuan ChenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Li-Wei Kuo Steven A. F. Smith Chien-Chih Chen Ching-Shun Ku Ching-Yu Chiang Dennis Brown Marianne Negrini Wen-Jeng Huang Tze-Yuan Chen Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites
description	Abstract Cloud-to-ground lightning causes both high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphism of rocks, forming rock fulgurite. We demonstrate that a range of microstructural features indicative of high temperatures and pressures can form in fulgurites at the surface and in fractures up to several meters below the surface. In comparison to a granite reference sample collected from a borehole at a depth of 138 m, microstructures in both the surface and fracture fulgurite are characterized by: (i) the presence of glass, (ii) a phase transformation in K-feldspar with the presence of exsolution lamellae of plagioclase, and (iii) high residual stresses up to 1.5 GPa. Since this is the first time that fracture-related fulgurite has been described, we also carried out a 1-D numerical model to investigate the processes by which these can form. The model shows that the electric current density in fractures up to 40 m from the landing point can be as high as that on the surface, providing an explanation for the occurrence of fracture-related fulgurites. Our work broadens the near-surface environments in which rock fulgurite has been reported, and provides a detailed description of microstructures that can be compared to those formed during other types of extreme metamorphic events.
format	article
author	Li-Wei Kuo Steven A. F. Smith Chien-Chih Chen Ching-Shun Ku Ching-Yu Chiang Dennis Brown Marianne Negrini Wen-Jeng Huang Tze-Yuan Chen
author_facet	Li-Wei Kuo Steven A. F. Smith Chien-Chih Chen Ching-Shun Ku Ching-Yu Chiang Dennis Brown Marianne Negrini Wen-Jeng Huang Tze-Yuan Chen
author_sort	Li-Wei Kuo
title	Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites
title_short	Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites
title_full	Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites
title_fullStr	Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites
title_full_unstemmed	Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites
title_sort	lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0da3364c4b824dffa032548c9e62091a
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Lightning-induced high temperature and pressure microstructures in surface and subsurface fulgurites

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