Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis produces a wide range of secondary metabolites providing diverse plant growth-promoting and biocontrol abilities. These secondary metabolites include nonribosomal peptides with strong antimicrobial properties, causing either cell lysis, pore formation in fungal membranes,...

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Autores principales:	Heiko T. Kiesewalter, Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade, Mario Wibowo, Mikael L. Strube, Gergely Maróti, Dan Snyder, Tue Sparholt Jørgensen, Thomas O. Larsen, Vaughn S. Cooper, Tilmann Weber, Ákos T. Kovács
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:	Bacillus subtilis secondary metabolites fungal inhibition antiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters chemodiversity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0da47f5f6b154431858c3f1d0d68459f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0da47f5f6b154431858c3f1d0d68459f2021-12-02T19:36:37ZGenomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi10.1128/mSystems.00770-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/0da47f5f6b154431858c3f1d0d68459f2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00770-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis produces a wide range of secondary metabolites providing diverse plant growth-promoting and biocontrol abilities. These secondary metabolites include nonribosomal peptides with strong antimicrobial properties, causing either cell lysis, pore formation in fungal membranes, inhibition of certain enzymes, or bacterial protein synthesis. However, the natural products of B. subtilis are mostly studied either in laboratory strains or in individual isolates, and therefore, a comparative overview of secondary metabolites from various environmental B. subtilis strains is missing. In this study, we isolated 23 B. subtilis strains from 11 sampling sites, compared the fungal inhibition profiles of wild types and their nonribosomal peptide mutants, followed the production of targeted lipopeptides, and determined the complete genomes of 13 soil isolates. We discovered that nonribosomal peptide production varied among B. subtilis strains coisolated from the same soil samples. In vitro antagonism assays revealed that biocontrol properties depend on the targeted plant pathogenic fungus and the tested B. subtilis isolate. While plipastatin alone is sufficient to inhibit Fusarium spp., a combination of plipastatin and surfactin is required to hinder growth of Botrytis cinerea. Detailed genomic analysis revealed that altered nonribosomal peptide production profiles in specific isolates are due to missing core genes, nonsense mutation, or potentially altered gene regulation. Our study combines microbiological antagonism assays with chemical nonribosomal peptide detection and biosynthetic gene cluster predictions in diverse B. subtilis soil isolates to provide a broader overview of the secondary metabolite chemodiversity of B. subtilis. IMPORTANCE Secondary or specialized metabolites with antimicrobial activities define the biocontrol properties of microorganisms. Members of the Bacillus genus produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, of which nonribosomally produced lipopeptides in particular display strong antifungal activity. To facilitate the prediction of the biocontrol potential of new Bacillus subtilis isolates, we have explored the in vitro antifungal inhibitory profiles of recent B. subtilis isolates, combined with analytical natural product chemistry, mutational analysis, and detailed genome analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters. Such a comparative analysis helped to explain why selected B. subtilis isolates lack the production of certain secondary metabolites.Heiko T. KiesewalterCarlos N. Lozano-AndradeMario WibowoMikael L. StrubeGergely MarótiDan SnyderTue Sparholt JørgensenThomas O. LarsenVaughn S. CooperTilmann WeberÁkos T. KovácsAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleBacillus subtilissecondary metabolitesfungal inhibitionantiSMASHbiosynthetic gene clusterschemodiversityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bacillus subtilis secondary metabolites fungal inhibition antiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters chemodiversity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Bacillus subtilis secondary metabolites fungal inhibition antiSMASH biosynthetic gene clusters chemodiversity Microbiology QR1-502 Heiko T. Kiesewalter Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade Mario Wibowo Mikael L. Strube Gergely Maróti Dan Snyder Tue Sparholt Jørgensen Thomas O. Larsen Vaughn S. Cooper Tilmann Weber Ákos T. Kovács Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
description	ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis produces a wide range of secondary metabolites providing diverse plant growth-promoting and biocontrol abilities. These secondary metabolites include nonribosomal peptides with strong antimicrobial properties, causing either cell lysis, pore formation in fungal membranes, inhibition of certain enzymes, or bacterial protein synthesis. However, the natural products of B. subtilis are mostly studied either in laboratory strains or in individual isolates, and therefore, a comparative overview of secondary metabolites from various environmental B. subtilis strains is missing. In this study, we isolated 23 B. subtilis strains from 11 sampling sites, compared the fungal inhibition profiles of wild types and their nonribosomal peptide mutants, followed the production of targeted lipopeptides, and determined the complete genomes of 13 soil isolates. We discovered that nonribosomal peptide production varied among B. subtilis strains coisolated from the same soil samples. In vitro antagonism assays revealed that biocontrol properties depend on the targeted plant pathogenic fungus and the tested B. subtilis isolate. While plipastatin alone is sufficient to inhibit Fusarium spp., a combination of plipastatin and surfactin is required to hinder growth of Botrytis cinerea. Detailed genomic analysis revealed that altered nonribosomal peptide production profiles in specific isolates are due to missing core genes, nonsense mutation, or potentially altered gene regulation. Our study combines microbiological antagonism assays with chemical nonribosomal peptide detection and biosynthetic gene cluster predictions in diverse B. subtilis soil isolates to provide a broader overview of the secondary metabolite chemodiversity of B. subtilis. IMPORTANCE Secondary or specialized metabolites with antimicrobial activities define the biocontrol properties of microorganisms. Members of the Bacillus genus produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, of which nonribosomally produced lipopeptides in particular display strong antifungal activity. To facilitate the prediction of the biocontrol potential of new Bacillus subtilis isolates, we have explored the in vitro antifungal inhibitory profiles of recent B. subtilis isolates, combined with analytical natural product chemistry, mutational analysis, and detailed genome analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters. Such a comparative analysis helped to explain why selected B. subtilis isolates lack the production of certain secondary metabolites.
format	article
author	Heiko T. Kiesewalter Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade Mario Wibowo Mikael L. Strube Gergely Maróti Dan Snyder Tue Sparholt Jørgensen Thomas O. Larsen Vaughn S. Cooper Tilmann Weber Ákos T. Kovács
author_facet	Heiko T. Kiesewalter Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade Mario Wibowo Mikael L. Strube Gergely Maróti Dan Snyder Tue Sparholt Jørgensen Thomas O. Larsen Vaughn S. Cooper Tilmann Weber Ákos T. Kovács
author_sort	Heiko T. Kiesewalter
title	Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
title_short	Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
title_full	Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
title_fullStr	Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
title_full_unstemmed	Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
title_sort	genomic and chemical diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">bacillus subtilis</named-content> secondary metabolites against plant pathogenic fungi
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0da47f5f6b154431858c3f1d0d68459f
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Genomic and Chemical Diversity of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus subtilis</named-content> Secondary Metabolites against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

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