Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes

Objective. To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pre...

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Autores principales:	Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso, Raphaela Costa Ferreira, Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório, Fabiana Andréa Moura, Orlando Roberto Pimentel de Araújo, Nassib Bezerra Bueno, Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart, Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Cytology QH573-671
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0db12e52868543079db151120a593643
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0db12e52868543079db151120a5936432021-11-22T01:11:36ZBiomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes1942-099410.1155/2021/9970627https://doaj.org/article/0db12e52868543079db151120a5936432021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9970627https://doaj.org/toc/1942-0994Objective. To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pregnant women with PE and a group of women without the disease, through the application of a standardized questionnaire. After delivery, umbilical cord samples were collected to measure antioxidant defense, products from oxidative damage, and inflammation biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0, adopting a 95% confidence level (α=0.05), with the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and the multinomial and Poisson regression tests. Results. One hundred PE pregnant women and 50 women without the disease were studied. The umbilical cords from PE pregnancies showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) (p≤0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p=0.016), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p=0.028) and lower levels of IL-6 (p=0.030) and TNF-α (p≤0.001) than the other group, with some associations among these biomarkers with perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. The higher levels of GSH and GPx, in addition to the lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, found in the PE umbilical cord, may result from adaptive mechanisms to maintain the oxidative and inflammatory balance; however, despite these changes, the damage to the cell membranes was not minimized, as the MDA level was higher in women with PE than in women without the disease. This implies that a redox imbalance is present, confirming that other physiological and adaptive mechanisms are being activated to preserve foetal health. Therefore, the present work unveils an important role of the umbilical cord in controlling redox imbalance and inflammation in PE pregnancies. Our results reinforce the necessity for continuous research on GSH as a protective compound for the perinatal outcome, especially in PE women.Marilene Brandão Tenório FragosoRaphaela Costa FerreiraMicaely Cristina dos Santos TenórioFabiana Andréa MouraOrlando Roberto Pimentel de AraújoNassib Bezerra BuenoMarília Oliveira Fonseca GoulartAlane Cabral Menezes de OliveiraHindawi LimitedarticleCytologyQH573-671ENOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cytology QH573-671
spellingShingle	Cytology QH573-671 Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso Raphaela Costa Ferreira Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório Fabiana Andréa Moura Orlando Roberto Pimentel de Araújo Nassib Bezerra Bueno Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes
description	Objective. To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pregnant women with PE and a group of women without the disease, through the application of a standardized questionnaire. After delivery, umbilical cord samples were collected to measure antioxidant defense, products from oxidative damage, and inflammation biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0, adopting a 95% confidence level (α=0.05), with the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and the multinomial and Poisson regression tests. Results. One hundred PE pregnant women and 50 women without the disease were studied. The umbilical cords from PE pregnancies showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) (p≤0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p=0.016), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p=0.028) and lower levels of IL-6 (p=0.030) and TNF-α (p≤0.001) than the other group, with some associations among these biomarkers with perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. The higher levels of GSH and GPx, in addition to the lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, found in the PE umbilical cord, may result from adaptive mechanisms to maintain the oxidative and inflammatory balance; however, despite these changes, the damage to the cell membranes was not minimized, as the MDA level was higher in women with PE than in women without the disease. This implies that a redox imbalance is present, confirming that other physiological and adaptive mechanisms are being activated to preserve foetal health. Therefore, the present work unveils an important role of the umbilical cord in controlling redox imbalance and inflammation in PE pregnancies. Our results reinforce the necessity for continuous research on GSH as a protective compound for the perinatal outcome, especially in PE women.
format	article
author	Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso Raphaela Costa Ferreira Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório Fabiana Andréa Moura Orlando Roberto Pimentel de Araújo Nassib Bezerra Bueno Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira
author_facet	Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso Raphaela Costa Ferreira Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório Fabiana Andréa Moura Orlando Roberto Pimentel de Araújo Nassib Bezerra Bueno Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira
author_sort	Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso
title	Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes
title_short	Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes
title_full	Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes
title_fullStr	Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed	Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes
title_sort	biomarkers of inflammation and redox imbalance in umbilical cord in pregnancies with and without preeclampsia and consequent perinatal outcomes
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0db12e52868543079db151120a593643
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Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes

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