Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.

The island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is the site of a sustained outbreak of tularemia due to Francisella tularensis tularensis. Dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, appear to be critical in the perpetuation of the agent there. Tularemia has long been characterized as an agent of natura...

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Autores principales:	Heidi K Goethert, Sam R Telford
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0dcddf7b076140c3bfba103e0938fe4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0dcddf7b076140c3bfba103e0938fe4b2021-11-25T05:47:15ZNonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000319https://doaj.org/article/0dcddf7b076140c3bfba103e0938fe4b2009-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19247435/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374The island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is the site of a sustained outbreak of tularemia due to Francisella tularensis tularensis. Dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, appear to be critical in the perpetuation of the agent there. Tularemia has long been characterized as an agent of natural focality, stably persisting in characteristic sites of transmission, but this suggestion has never been rigorously tested. Accordingly, we sought to identify a natural focus of transmission of the agent of tularemia by mapping the distribution of PCR-positive ticks. From 2004 to 2007, questing D. variabilis were collected from 85 individual waypoints along a 1.5 km transect in a field site on Martha's Vineyard. The positions of PCR-positive ticks were then mapped using ArcGIS. Cluster analysis identified an area approximately 290 meters in diameter, 9 waypoints, that was significantly more likely to yield PCR-positive ticks (relative risk 3.3, P = 0.001) than the rest of the field site. Genotyping of F. tularensis using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis on PCR-positive ticks yielded 13 different haplotypes, the vast majority of which was one dominant haplotype. Positive ticks collected in the cluster were 3.4 times (relative risk = 3.4, P<0.0001) more likely to have an uncommon haplotype than those collected elsewhere from the transect. We conclude that we have identified a microfocus where the agent of tularemia stably perpetuates and that this area is where genetic diversity is generated.Heidi K GoethertSam R TelfordPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 5, Iss 2, p e1000319 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Heidi K Goethert Sam R Telford Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
description	The island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is the site of a sustained outbreak of tularemia due to Francisella tularensis tularensis. Dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, appear to be critical in the perpetuation of the agent there. Tularemia has long been characterized as an agent of natural focality, stably persisting in characteristic sites of transmission, but this suggestion has never been rigorously tested. Accordingly, we sought to identify a natural focus of transmission of the agent of tularemia by mapping the distribution of PCR-positive ticks. From 2004 to 2007, questing D. variabilis were collected from 85 individual waypoints along a 1.5 km transect in a field site on Martha's Vineyard. The positions of PCR-positive ticks were then mapped using ArcGIS. Cluster analysis identified an area approximately 290 meters in diameter, 9 waypoints, that was significantly more likely to yield PCR-positive ticks (relative risk 3.3, P = 0.001) than the rest of the field site. Genotyping of F. tularensis using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis on PCR-positive ticks yielded 13 different haplotypes, the vast majority of which was one dominant haplotype. Positive ticks collected in the cluster were 3.4 times (relative risk = 3.4, P<0.0001) more likely to have an uncommon haplotype than those collected elsewhere from the transect. We conclude that we have identified a microfocus where the agent of tularemia stably perpetuates and that this area is where genetic diversity is generated.
format	article
author	Heidi K Goethert Sam R Telford
author_facet	Heidi K Goethert Sam R Telford
author_sort	Heidi K Goethert
title	Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
title_short	Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
title_full	Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
title_fullStr	Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
title_full_unstemmed	Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
title_sort	nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (dermacentor variabilis) infected by francisella tularensis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/0dcddf7b076140c3bfba103e0938fe4b
work_keys_str_mv	AT heidikgoethert nonrandomdistributionofvectorticksdermacentorvariabilisinfectedbyfrancisellatularensis AT samrtelford nonrandomdistributionofvectorticksdermacentorvariabilisinfectedbyfrancisellatularensis
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Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.

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