Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization

Abstract The regulation of nuclear state by the cytoskeleton is an important part of cellular function. Actomyosin stress fibres, microtubules and intermediate filaments have distinct and complementary roles in integrating the nucleus into its environment and influencing its mechanical state. Howeve...

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Autores principales:	Michael C. Keeling, Luis R. Flores, Asad H. Dodhy, Elizabeth R. Murray, Núria Gavara
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0dd3965cc374427ab0042651559be5b7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0dd3965cc374427ab0042651559be5b72021-12-02T11:41:12ZActomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization10.1038/s41598-017-05467-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0dd3965cc374427ab0042651559be5b72017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05467-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The regulation of nuclear state by the cytoskeleton is an important part of cellular function. Actomyosin stress fibres, microtubules and intermediate filaments have distinct and complementary roles in integrating the nucleus into its environment and influencing its mechanical state. However, the interconnectedness of cytoskeletal networks makes it difficult to dissect their individual effects on the nucleus. We use simple image analysis approaches to characterize nuclear state, estimating nuclear volume, Poisson’s ratio, apparent elastic modulus and chromatin condensation. By combining them with cytoskeletal quantification, we assess how cytoskeletal organization regulates nuclear state. We report for a number of cell types that nuclei display auxetic properties. Furthermore, stress fibres and intermediate filaments modulate the mechanical properties of the nucleus and also chromatin condensation. Conversely, nuclear volume and its gross morphology are regulated by intracellular outward pulling forces exerted by myosin. The modulation exerted by the cytoskeleton onto the nucleus results in changes that are of similar magnitude to those observed when the nucleus is altered intrinsically, inducing chromatin decondensation or cell differentiation. Our approach allows pinpointing the contribution of distinct cytoskeletal proteins to nuclear mechanical state in physio- and pathological conditions, furthering our understanding of a key aspect of cellular behaviour.Michael C. KeelingLuis R. FloresAsad H. DodhyElizabeth R. MurrayNúria GavaraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael C. Keeling Luis R. Flores Asad H. Dodhy Elizabeth R. Murray Núria Gavara Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization
description	Abstract The regulation of nuclear state by the cytoskeleton is an important part of cellular function. Actomyosin stress fibres, microtubules and intermediate filaments have distinct and complementary roles in integrating the nucleus into its environment and influencing its mechanical state. However, the interconnectedness of cytoskeletal networks makes it difficult to dissect their individual effects on the nucleus. We use simple image analysis approaches to characterize nuclear state, estimating nuclear volume, Poisson’s ratio, apparent elastic modulus and chromatin condensation. By combining them with cytoskeletal quantification, we assess how cytoskeletal organization regulates nuclear state. We report for a number of cell types that nuclei display auxetic properties. Furthermore, stress fibres and intermediate filaments modulate the mechanical properties of the nucleus and also chromatin condensation. Conversely, nuclear volume and its gross morphology are regulated by intracellular outward pulling forces exerted by myosin. The modulation exerted by the cytoskeleton onto the nucleus results in changes that are of similar magnitude to those observed when the nucleus is altered intrinsically, inducing chromatin decondensation or cell differentiation. Our approach allows pinpointing the contribution of distinct cytoskeletal proteins to nuclear mechanical state in physio- and pathological conditions, furthering our understanding of a key aspect of cellular behaviour.
format	article
author	Michael C. Keeling Luis R. Flores Asad H. Dodhy Elizabeth R. Murray Núria Gavara
author_facet	Michael C. Keeling Luis R. Flores Asad H. Dodhy Elizabeth R. Murray Núria Gavara
author_sort	Michael C. Keeling
title	Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization
title_short	Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization
title_full	Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization
title_fullStr	Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization
title_full_unstemmed	Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization
title_sort	actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/0dd3965cc374427ab0042651559be5b7
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Actomyosin and vimentin cytoskeletal networks regulate nuclear shape, mechanics and chromatin organization

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