Suggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China
Afforestation in the Three North Region (TNR) of China has received wide concern due to the low survival rate and threats to water security associated with the lack of available precipitation for vegetation. It is crucial to provide a spatial layout for revegetation according to the available precip...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:0ddc13108b7f42d882823983d7bf27572021-11-25T19:02:59ZSuggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China10.3390/su1322126492071-1050https://doaj.org/article/0ddc13108b7f42d882823983d7bf27572021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12649https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Afforestation in the Three North Region (TNR) of China has received wide concern due to the low survival rate and threats to water security associated with the lack of available precipitation for vegetation. It is crucial to provide a spatial layout for revegetation according to the available precipitation to achieve the vegetation cover target. This study investigated the spatial pattern of precipitation, determined the suitable vegetation distribution based on the ecological water requirements and precipitation, and proposed an optimized revegetation scheme by comparing the actual and suitable vegetation patterns. The results indicated that the actual vegetation that matched the pixel-level precipitation accounted for 67.24% of the total vegetation area in the TNR. However, 18.50% of the actual forest, 21.82% of the actual shrublands, and 19.95% of the actual grasslands were overloaded with respect to precipitation. The total suitable vegetation area was reduced slightly compared to the actual vegetation area. There is still some potential for the revegetation of forest and shrublands, mainly those in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the TNR. The optimized revegetation area in the TNR was 3.04 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, including a maintenance management type of 2.19 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, an upgrade type of 0.49 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, and a degradation type of 0.37 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>. Maintenance management (natural restoration) and transformation to vegetation types with lower ecological water requirements were recognized as important revegetation practices in the TNR. This study provides guidelines to adjust the Three North Shelterbelt Project policies based on precipitation data to reduce the negative impact of revegetation on the hydrological cycle.Yu XiaoGaodi XieChunxia LuChangshun ZhangJie XuJingya LiuKeyu QinYiqiu LiChaoxuan XuCaixia ZhangYangyang WangShuang GanJia LiuLiqiang GeMDPI AGarticleprecipitationthresholdoptimizing schemethe Three North Shelterbelt ProgramEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12649, p 12649 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
precipitation threshold optimizing scheme the Three North Shelterbelt Program Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
| spellingShingle |
precipitation threshold optimizing scheme the Three North Shelterbelt Program Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Yu Xiao Gaodi Xie Chunxia Lu Changshun Zhang Jie Xu Jingya Liu Keyu Qin Yiqiu Li Chaoxuan Xu Caixia Zhang Yangyang Wang Shuang Gan Jia Liu Liqiang Ge Suggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China |
| description |
Afforestation in the Three North Region (TNR) of China has received wide concern due to the low survival rate and threats to water security associated with the lack of available precipitation for vegetation. It is crucial to provide a spatial layout for revegetation according to the available precipitation to achieve the vegetation cover target. This study investigated the spatial pattern of precipitation, determined the suitable vegetation distribution based on the ecological water requirements and precipitation, and proposed an optimized revegetation scheme by comparing the actual and suitable vegetation patterns. The results indicated that the actual vegetation that matched the pixel-level precipitation accounted for 67.24% of the total vegetation area in the TNR. However, 18.50% of the actual forest, 21.82% of the actual shrublands, and 19.95% of the actual grasslands were overloaded with respect to precipitation. The total suitable vegetation area was reduced slightly compared to the actual vegetation area. There is still some potential for the revegetation of forest and shrublands, mainly those in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the TNR. The optimized revegetation area in the TNR was 3.04 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, including a maintenance management type of 2.19 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, an upgrade type of 0.49 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, and a degradation type of 0.37 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>. Maintenance management (natural restoration) and transformation to vegetation types with lower ecological water requirements were recognized as important revegetation practices in the TNR. This study provides guidelines to adjust the Three North Shelterbelt Project policies based on precipitation data to reduce the negative impact of revegetation on the hydrological cycle. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Yu Xiao Gaodi Xie Chunxia Lu Changshun Zhang Jie Xu Jingya Liu Keyu Qin Yiqiu Li Chaoxuan Xu Caixia Zhang Yangyang Wang Shuang Gan Jia Liu Liqiang Ge |
| author_facet |
Yu Xiao Gaodi Xie Chunxia Lu Changshun Zhang Jie Xu Jingya Liu Keyu Qin Yiqiu Li Chaoxuan Xu Caixia Zhang Yangyang Wang Shuang Gan Jia Liu Liqiang Ge |
| author_sort |
Yu Xiao |
| title |
Suggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China |
| title_short |
Suggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China |
| title_full |
Suggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China |
| title_fullStr |
Suggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Suggestions for Revegetation over the Next 30 Years Based on Precipitation in the Three North Region of China |
| title_sort |
suggestions for revegetation over the next 30 years based on precipitation in the three north region of china |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/0ddc13108b7f42d882823983d7bf2757 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
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