Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.

<h4>Background</h4>Pediculus humanus capitis or head louse is an obligate ectoparasite and its infestation remains a major public health issue worldwide. Molecular analysis divides head lice into six clades and intra-clade genetic differences have been identified. Several hypotheses have...

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Autores principales:	Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi, Sakone Sunantaraporn, Nirin Seatamanoch, Switt Kongdachalert, Atchara Phumee, Kanyarat Kraivichian, Vorthon Sawaswong, Sunchai Payungporn, Narisa Brownell, Padet Siriyasatien
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0de0068b2b3e4703853b2a7a2d433e55
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0de0068b2b3e4703853b2a7a2d433e552021-12-02T20:08:26ZMolecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257024https://doaj.org/article/0de0068b2b3e4703853b2a7a2d433e552021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257024https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Pediculus humanus capitis or head louse is an obligate ectoparasite and its infestation remains a major public health issue worldwide. Molecular analysis divides head lice into six clades and intra-clade genetic differences have been identified. Several hypotheses have been formulated to elucidate the discrepancies of the variety of head lice among different regions of the world. It is currently concluded that head lice distribution might be associated with human migration history. This study aims to investigate genetic data of human head lice in Thailand. We believe that the analysis could help establish the correlation between local and global head lice populations.<h4>Method</h4>We investigated mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene of the collected 214 head lice to evaluate genetic diversity from 15 provinces among 6 regions of Thailand. The head lice genes were added to the global pool for the phylogenetic tree, Bayesian tree, Skyline plot, and median joining network construction. The biodiversity, neutrality tests, and population genetic differentiation among the 6 Thailand geographic regions were analyzed by DNAsp version 6.<h4>Results</h4>The phylogenetic tree analysis of 214 collected head lice are of clade A and clade C accounting for roughly 65% and 35% respectively. The Bayesian tree revealed a correlation of clade diversification and ancient human dispersal timeline. In Thailand, clade A is widespread in the country. Clade C is confined to only the Central, Southern, and Northeastern regions. We identified 50 novel haplotypes. Statistical analysis showed congruent results between genetic differentiation and population migration especially with South Asia.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Pediculosis remains problematic among children in the rural areas in Thailand. Cytb gene analysis of human head lice illustrated clade distribution and intra-clade diversity of different areas. Our study reported novel haplotypes of head lice in Thailand. Moreover, the statistic calculation provided a better understanding of their relationship with human, as an obligate human parasite and might help provide a better insight into the history of human population migration. Determination of the correlation between phylogenetic data and pediculicide resistance gene as well as residing bacteria are of interest for future studies.Kobpat PhadungsaksawasdiSakone SunantarapornNirin SeatamanochSwitt KongdachalertAtchara PhumeeKanyarat KraivichianVorthon SawaswongSunchai PayungpornNarisa BrownellPadet SiriyasatienPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257024 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi Sakone Sunantaraporn Nirin Seatamanoch Switt Kongdachalert Atchara Phumee Kanyarat Kraivichian Vorthon Sawaswong Sunchai Payungporn Narisa Brownell Padet Siriyasatien Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Pediculus humanus capitis or head louse is an obligate ectoparasite and its infestation remains a major public health issue worldwide. Molecular analysis divides head lice into six clades and intra-clade genetic differences have been identified. Several hypotheses have been formulated to elucidate the discrepancies of the variety of head lice among different regions of the world. It is currently concluded that head lice distribution might be associated with human migration history. This study aims to investigate genetic data of human head lice in Thailand. We believe that the analysis could help establish the correlation between local and global head lice populations.<h4>Method</h4>We investigated mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene of the collected 214 head lice to evaluate genetic diversity from 15 provinces among 6 regions of Thailand. The head lice genes were added to the global pool for the phylogenetic tree, Bayesian tree, Skyline plot, and median joining network construction. The biodiversity, neutrality tests, and population genetic differentiation among the 6 Thailand geographic regions were analyzed by DNAsp version 6.<h4>Results</h4>The phylogenetic tree analysis of 214 collected head lice are of clade A and clade C accounting for roughly 65% and 35% respectively. The Bayesian tree revealed a correlation of clade diversification and ancient human dispersal timeline. In Thailand, clade A is widespread in the country. Clade C is confined to only the Central, Southern, and Northeastern regions. We identified 50 novel haplotypes. Statistical analysis showed congruent results between genetic differentiation and population migration especially with South Asia.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Pediculosis remains problematic among children in the rural areas in Thailand. Cytb gene analysis of human head lice illustrated clade distribution and intra-clade diversity of different areas. Our study reported novel haplotypes of head lice in Thailand. Moreover, the statistic calculation provided a better understanding of their relationship with human, as an obligate human parasite and might help provide a better insight into the history of human population migration. Determination of the correlation between phylogenetic data and pediculicide resistance gene as well as residing bacteria are of interest for future studies.
format	article
author	Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi Sakone Sunantaraporn Nirin Seatamanoch Switt Kongdachalert Atchara Phumee Kanyarat Kraivichian Vorthon Sawaswong Sunchai Payungporn Narisa Brownell Padet Siriyasatien
author_facet	Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi Sakone Sunantaraporn Nirin Seatamanoch Switt Kongdachalert Atchara Phumee Kanyarat Kraivichian Vorthon Sawaswong Sunchai Payungporn Narisa Brownell Padet Siriyasatien
author_sort	Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi
title	Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.
title_short	Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.
title_full	Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.
title_fullStr	Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.
title_sort	molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of pediculus humanus capitis in thailand revealed potential historical connection with south asia.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0de0068b2b3e4703853b2a7a2d433e55
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Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.

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