Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study

Abstract The relationship between deforestation and malaria is a spatiotemporal process of variation in Plasmodium incidence in human-dominated Amazonian rural environments. The present study aimed to assess the underlying mechanisms of malarial exposure risk at a fine scale in 5-km2 sites across th...

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Autores principales:	Gabriel Z. Laporta, Roberto C. Ilacqua, Eduardo S. Bergo, Leonardo S. M. Chaves, Sheila R. Rodovalho, Gilberto G. Moresco, Elder A. G. Figueira, Eduardo Massad, Tatiane M. P. de Oliveira, Sara A. Bickersmith, Jan E. Conn, Maria Anice M. Sallum
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0de9056c8cfc408bbde5ef1e4260e88e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0de9056c8cfc408bbde5ef1e4260e88e2021-12-02T13:18:09ZMalaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study10.1038/s41598-021-85890-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0de9056c8cfc408bbde5ef1e4260e88e2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85890-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The relationship between deforestation and malaria is a spatiotemporal process of variation in Plasmodium incidence in human-dominated Amazonian rural environments. The present study aimed to assess the underlying mechanisms of malarial exposure risk at a fine scale in 5-km2 sites across the Brazilian Amazon, using field-collected data with a longitudinal spatiotemporally structured approach. Anopheline mosquitoes were sampled from 80 sites to investigate the Plasmodium infection rate in mosquito communities and to estimate the malaria exposure risk in rural landscapes. The remaining amount of forest cover (accumulated deforestation) and the deforestation timeline were estimated in each site to represent the main parameters of both the frontier malaria hypothesis and an alternate scenario, the deforestation-malaria hypothesis, proposed herein. The maximum frequency of pathogenic sites occurred at the intermediate forest cover level (50% of accumulated deforestation) at two temporal deforestation peaks, e.g., 10 and 35 years after the beginning of the organization of a settlement. The incidence density of infected anophelines in sites where the original forest cover decreased by more than 50% in the first 25 years of settlement development was at least twice as high as the incidence density calculated for the other sites studied (adjusted incidence density ratio = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.38–3.68; p = 0.001). The results of this study support the frontier malaria as a unifying hypothesis for explaining malaria emergence and for designing specific control interventions in the Brazilian Amazon.Gabriel Z. LaportaRoberto C. IlacquaEduardo S. BergoLeonardo S. M. ChavesSheila R. RodovalhoGilberto G. MorescoElder A. G. FigueiraEduardo MassadTatiane M. P. de OliveiraSara A. BickersmithJan E. ConnMaria Anice M. SallumNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gabriel Z. Laporta Roberto C. Ilacqua Eduardo S. Bergo Leonardo S. M. Chaves Sheila R. Rodovalho Gilberto G. Moresco Elder A. G. Figueira Eduardo Massad Tatiane M. P. de Oliveira Sara A. Bickersmith Jan E. Conn Maria Anice M. Sallum Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study
description	Abstract The relationship between deforestation and malaria is a spatiotemporal process of variation in Plasmodium incidence in human-dominated Amazonian rural environments. The present study aimed to assess the underlying mechanisms of malarial exposure risk at a fine scale in 5-km2 sites across the Brazilian Amazon, using field-collected data with a longitudinal spatiotemporally structured approach. Anopheline mosquitoes were sampled from 80 sites to investigate the Plasmodium infection rate in mosquito communities and to estimate the malaria exposure risk in rural landscapes. The remaining amount of forest cover (accumulated deforestation) and the deforestation timeline were estimated in each site to represent the main parameters of both the frontier malaria hypothesis and an alternate scenario, the deforestation-malaria hypothesis, proposed herein. The maximum frequency of pathogenic sites occurred at the intermediate forest cover level (50% of accumulated deforestation) at two temporal deforestation peaks, e.g., 10 and 35 years after the beginning of the organization of a settlement. The incidence density of infected anophelines in sites where the original forest cover decreased by more than 50% in the first 25 years of settlement development was at least twice as high as the incidence density calculated for the other sites studied (adjusted incidence density ratio = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.38–3.68; p = 0.001). The results of this study support the frontier malaria as a unifying hypothesis for explaining malaria emergence and for designing specific control interventions in the Brazilian Amazon.
format	article
author	Gabriel Z. Laporta Roberto C. Ilacqua Eduardo S. Bergo Leonardo S. M. Chaves Sheila R. Rodovalho Gilberto G. Moresco Elder A. G. Figueira Eduardo Massad Tatiane M. P. de Oliveira Sara A. Bickersmith Jan E. Conn Maria Anice M. Sallum
author_facet	Gabriel Z. Laporta Roberto C. Ilacqua Eduardo S. Bergo Leonardo S. M. Chaves Sheila R. Rodovalho Gilberto G. Moresco Elder A. G. Figueira Eduardo Massad Tatiane M. P. de Oliveira Sara A. Bickersmith Jan E. Conn Maria Anice M. Sallum
author_sort	Gabriel Z. Laporta
title	Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study
title_short	Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study
title_full	Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study
title_fullStr	Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study
title_full_unstemmed	Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study
title_sort	malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0de9056c8cfc408bbde5ef1e4260e88e
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Malaria transmission in landscapes with varying deforestation levels and timelines in the Amazon: a longitudinal spatiotemporal study

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